The first electronic computer: the Atanasoff story
The first electronic computer: the Atanasoff story
Computer arithmetic algorithms
Computer arithmetic algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
Konrad Zuse: reflections on the 80th birthday of the German computing pioneer
ACM SIGNUM Newsletter
How to Make Zuse's Z3 a Universal Computer
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Encyclopedia of Computer Science
The Reconstruction of Konrad Zuse's Z3
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Using early instruction sets to introduce computer architecture
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
On-the-fly pipeline parallelism
Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures
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Provides a detailed description of the architecture of the Z1 and Z3 computing machines that Konrad Zuse designed in Berlin between 1936 and 1941. The necessary basic information was obtained from a careful evaluation of the patent application Zuse filed in 1941. Additional insight was gained from a software simulation of the machine's logic. The Z1 was built using purely mechanical components; the Z3 used electromechanical relays. However, both machines shared a common logical structure, and their programming model was the same. I argue that both the Z1 and the Z3 possessed features akin to those of modern computers: the memory and processor were separate units, and the processor could handle floating-point numbers and compute the four basic arithmetical operations as well as the square root of a number. The program was stored on punched tape and was read sequentially. In the last section of this paper, I put the architecture of the Z1 and Z3 into historical perspective by offering a comparison with computing machines built in other countries