Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Ensuring Fault Tolerance of Phase-Locked Clocks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Clock synchronization of a large multiprocessor system in the presence of malicious faults
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Distributed Synchronous Clocking
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Specification and Implementation of the Universal TimeCoordinated Synchronization Unit (UTCSU)
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Distributed synchronous clocking
ARVLSI '95 Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (ARVLSI'95)
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Various methods, both with software and hardware, have been proposed to synchronize a set of physical clocks in the system. Software methods are very flexible and economical but suffer an excessive time overhead, whereas hardware methods require no time overhead but are unable to handle transmission delays in clock signals. The effects of nonzero transmission delays in synchronization have been studied extensively in the communication area in the absence of malicious or Byzantine faults. The authors show that it is easy to incorporate the ideas from the communication area into the existing hardware clock synchronization algorithms in order to take into account the presence of both malicious faults and nonzero transmission delays.