A New Theory of Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
NIFDY: a low overhead, high throughput network interface
ISCA '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Multicomputer Networks Using Virtual Channels
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Avoiding Network Congestion with Local Information
ISHPC '02 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on High Performance Computing
A Simple and Efficient Mechanism to Prevent Saturation in Wormhole Networks
IPDPS '00 Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
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Congestion leads to a severe performance degradation in multiprocessor interconnection networks. Therefore, the use of techniques that prevent network saturation are of crucial importance to avoid high execution times.In this paper, we propose a new mechanism that uses only local information to avoid network saturation in wormhole networks. In order to detect congestion, each network node computes the quotient between the real transmission time of messages and its minimum theoretical value. If this ratio is greater than a threshold, the physical channel used by the message is considered congested. Depending on the number of congested channels, the available bandwidth to inject messages is reduced.The main contributions of the new mechanism are three: i) it can detect congestion in a remoteway, but without transmitting control information through the network; ii) it tries to dynamically adjust the effective injection bandwidth available at each node; and iii) it is starvation-free.Evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism avoids network performance degradation for different network loads and topologies. Indeed, the mechanism does not introduce any penalty for low and medium network loads, where no congestion control mechanism is required.