Analysis and design of stream ciphers
Analysis and design of stream ciphers
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
Cryptanalysis of RC4-like Ciphers
SAC '98 Proceedings of the Selected Areas in Cryptography
Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4
SAC '01 Revised Papers from the 8th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
(Not So) Random Shuffles of RC4
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Analysis Methods for (Alleged) RCA
ASIACRYPT '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Statistical Analysis of the Alleged RC4 Keystream Generator
FSE '00 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
A Practical Attack on Broadcast RC4
FSE '01 Revised Papers from the 8th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Linear statistical weakness of alleged RC4 keystream generator
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
(Not So) Random Shuffles of RC4
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Attacking and repairing the winZip encryption scheme
Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Attacks on the RC4 stream cipher
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Differential Cryptanalysis of the Stream Ciphers Py, Py6 and Pypy
EUROCRYPT '07 Proceedings of the 26th annual international conference on Advances in Cryptology
New Form of Permutation Bias and Secret Key Leakage in Keystream Bytes of RC4
Fast Software Encryption
Analysis of RC4 and Proposal of Additional Layers for Better Security Margin
INDOCRYPT '08 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
New Results on the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4
INDOCRYPT '08 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
New Correlations of RC4 PRGA Using Nonzero-Bit Differences
ACISP '09 Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy
How to secure your email address book and beyond
CANS'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cryptology and network security
On non-randomness of the permutation after RC4 key scheduling
AAECC'07 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Applied algebra, algebraic algorithms and error-correcting codes
Passive-only key recovery attacks on RC4
SAC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Permutation after RC4 key scheduling reveals the secret key
SAC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
On generalized Feistel networks
CRYPTO'10 Proceedings of the 30th annual conference on Advances in cryptology
Discovery and exploitation of new biases in RC4
SAC'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Power analysis attack and countermeasure on the Rabbit Stream Cipher (position paper)
Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Secure Systems
Statistical attack on RC4 distinguishing WPA
EUROCRYPT'11 Proceedings of the 30th Annual international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques: advances in cryptology
Attack on broadcast RC4 revisited
FSE'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fast software encryption
RC4-hash: a new hash function based on RC4
INDOCRYPT'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptology in India
A practical attack on the fixed RC4 in the WEP mode
ASIACRYPT'05 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security
Impossible fault analysis of RC4 and differential fault analysis of RC4
FSE'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
Towards a general RC4-Like keystream generator
CISC'05 Proceedings of the First SKLOIS conference on Information Security and Cryptology
A critique of some chaotic-map and cellular automata-based stream ciphers
ASIAN'09 Proceedings of the 13th Asian conference on Advances in Computer Science: information Security and Privacy
APPROX'06/RANDOM'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, and 10th international conference on Randomization and Computation
MV3: a new word based stream cipher using rapid mixing and revolving buffers
CT-RSA'07 Proceedings of the 7th Cryptographers' track at the RSA conference on Topics in Cryptology
An asymptotically tight security analysis of the iterated even-mansour cipher
ASIACRYPT'12 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on The Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security
Cryptanalysis of RC4(n, m) stream cipher
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks
SEC'13 Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX conference on Security
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Most guidelines for implementation of the RC4 stream cipher recommend discarding the first 256 bytes of its output. This recommendation is based on the empirical fact that known attacks can either cryptanalyze RC4 starting at any point, or become harmless after these initial bytes are dumped. The motivation for this paper is to find a conservative estimate for the number of bytes that should be discarded in order to be safe. To this end we propose an idealized model of RC4 and analyze it applying the theory of random shuffles. Based on our analysis of the model we recommend dumping at least 512 bytes.