An experimental evaluation of the assumption of independence in multiversion programming
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Software reliability: measurement, prediction, application
Software reliability: measurement, prediction, application
Software diversity in computerized control systems
Software diversity in computerized control systems
Conceptual Modeling of Coincident Failures in Multiversion Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Recalibrating Software Reliability Models
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The infeasibility of experimental quantification of life-critical software reliability
SIGSOFT '91 Proceedings of the conference on Software for citical systems
Estimating the Probability of Failure When Testing Reveals No Failures
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Validation of ultrahigh dependability for software-based systems
Communications of the ACM
Some Conservative Stopping Rules for the Operational Testing of Safety-Critical Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
FTCS '95 Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
A Theoretical Basis for the Analysis of Multiversion Software Subject to Coincident Errors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Reliability Assessment of Legacy Safety-Critical Systems Upgraded with Off-the-Shelf Components
SAFECOMP '02 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
The Reliability of Diverse Systems: A Contribution Using Modelling of the Fault Creation Process
DSN '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (formerly: FTCS)
Case study on Bayesian reliability estimation of software design of motor protection relay
SAFECOMP'07 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
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Fault tolerant systems based on the use of software design diversity may be able to achieve high levels of reliability more cost-effectively than other approaches, such as heroic debugging. Earlier experiments have shown multi-version software systems to be more reliable than the individual versions. However, it is also clear that the reliability benefits are much worse than would be suggested by naive assumptions of failure independence between the versions. It follows that it is necessary to assess the reliability actually achieved in a fault tolerant system. The difficulty here mainly lies in acquiring knowledge of the degree of dependence between the failures processes of the versions. The paper addresses the problem using Byesian inference. In particular, it considers the problem of choosing a prior distribution to represent the beliefs of an expert assessor. It is shown that this is not easy, and some pitfalls for the unwary are identified.