An experimental evaluation of the assumption of independence in multiversion programming
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PODS—A project on diverse software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on reliability and safety in real-time process control
An experimental evaluation of simple methods for seeding program errors
ICSE '85 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Software engineering
Fehlertolerierende Rechensysteme / Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems, 3. Internationale GI/ITG/GMA-Fachtagung
Specification-based test oracles for reactive systems
ICSE '92 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering
Validation of ultrahigh dependability for software-based systems
Communications of the ACM
Highly reliable upgrading of components
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering
Software reliability and dependability: a roadmap
Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering
A case study of open source software development: the Apache server
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Software engineering
Modeling the Effects of Combining Diverse Software Fault Detection Techniques
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Use of Proof in Diversity Arguments
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - special section on current trends in exception handling—part II
Modeling software design diversity: a review
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Theoretical Study on Six Classifier Fusion Strategies
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ED4I: Error Detection by Diverse Data and Duplicated Instructions
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant embedded systems
Splitting the Difference: The Historical Necessity of Synthesis in Software Engineering
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Implementing Design Diversity to Achieve Fault Tolerance
IEEE Software
Automatic Design of Multiple Classifier Systems by Unsupervised Learning
MLDM '99 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
Choosing Effective Methods for Design Diversity - How to Progress from Intuition to Science
SAFECOMP '99 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
A Constant Perturbation Method for Evaluation of Structural Diversity in Multiversion Software
SAFECOMP '00 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
Assessment of the Reliability of Fault-Tolerant Software: A Bayesian Approach
SAFECOMP '00 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
The Reliability of Diverse Systems: A Contribution Using Modelling of the Fault Creation Process
DSN '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (formerly: FTCS)
MCS '00 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Complexity of Data Subsets Generated by the Random Subspace Method: An Experimental Investigation
MCS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
New Measure of Classifier Dependency in Multiple Classifier Systems
MCS '02 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Diversity between Neural Networks and Decision Trees for Building Multiple Classifier Systems
MCS '00 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Estimating Bounds on the Reliability of Diverse Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Improving generalization of neural networks using multilayer perceptron discriminants
Systems Analysis Modelling Simulation - Special issue: Advances in control and computer engineering
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Diversity as a computer defense mechanism
NSPW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on New security paradigms
"Diversity as a computer defense mechanism"
NSPW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on New security paradigms
Software Reliability Engineering: A Roadmap
FOSE '07 2007 Future of Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector classifier with AdaBoost
Pattern Recognition Letters
Engineering multiversion neural-net systems
Neural Computation
ACIVS '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
Uncertainty explicit assessment of off-the-shelf software: A Bayesian approach
Information and Software Technology
Modelling the effects of combining diverse software fault detection techniques
Formal methods and testing
Independence from obfuscation: A semantic framework for diversity
Journal of Computer Security
Inelligent ensemble system aids osteoporosis early detection
EC'05 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS international conference on Evolutionary computing
The effect of correlated failure rates on reliability of continuous time 1-out-of-2 software
SAFECOMP'11 Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Computer safety, reliability, and security
Evaluation of diversity measures for binary classifier ensembles
MCS'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
The effectiveness of choice of programming language as a diversity seeking decision
EDCC'05 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Dependable Computing
Finding upper bounds for software failure probabilities – experiments and results
SAFECOMP'05 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
Achieving highly reliable embedded software: an empirical evaluation of different approaches
SAFECOMP'07 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
Bounds on the reliability of fault-tolerant software built by forcing diversity
SAFECOMP'07 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
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Work by D.E. Eckhardt and L.D. Lee (1985), shows that independently developed program versions fail dependently. The authors show that there is a precise duality between input choice and program choice in this model and consider a generalization in which different versions can be developed using diverse methodologies. The use of diverse methodologies is shown to decrease the probability of the simultaneous failure of several versions. Indeed, it is theoretically possible to obtain versions which exhibit better than independent failure behavior. The authors formalize the notion of methodological diversity by considering the sequence of decision outcomes that constitute a methodology. They show that diversity of decision implies likely diversity of behavior for the different versions developed under such forced diversity. For certain one-out-of-n systems the authors obtain an optimal method for allocating diversity between versions. For two-out-of-three systems there seem to be no simple optimality results which do not depend on constraints which cannot be verified in practice.