Communicating sequential processes
Communicating sequential processes
Functional documents for computer systems
Science of Computer Programming
Architecture and applications of the Bremen Autonomous Wheelchair
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal
The Theory and Practice of Concurrency
The Theory and Practice of Concurrency
Analyzing Mode Confusion via Model Checking
Proceedings of the 5th and 6th International SPIN Workshops on Theoretical and Practical Aspects of SPIN Model Checking
Modeling the Human in Human Factors
SAFECOMP '01 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
Formalising Control in Robust Spoken Dialogue Systems
SEFM '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods
Formal modelling of cognitive interpretation
DSVIS'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Interactive systems: Design, specification, and verification
USAB'07 Proceedings of the 3rd Human-computer interaction and usability engineering of the Austrian computer society conference on HCI and usability for medicine and health care
Towards dialogue based shared control of navigating robots
SC'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Spatial Cognition: reasoning, Action, Interaction
Automatic critiques of interface modes
DSVIS'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Systems: design, specification, and verification
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Not only in aviation psychology, mode confusion is recognised as a significant safety concern. The notion is used intuitively in the pertinent literature, but with surprisingly different meanings. We present a rigorous way of modelling the human and the machine in a shared-control system. This enables us to propose a precise definition of "mode" and "mode confusion". In our modelling approach, we extend the commonly used distinction between the machine and the user's mental model of it by explicitly separating these and their safety-relevant abstractions. Furthermore, we show that distinguishing three different interfaces during the design phase reduces the potential for mode confusion. A result is a new classification of mode confusions by cause, leading to a number of design recommendations for shared-control systems which help to avoid mode confusion problems. A further result is a foundation for detecting mode confusion problems by model checking.