International Journal of Robotics Research
Formation of morphology and morpho-function in a linear-cluster robotic system
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats 5
Embedded neural networks: exploiting constraints
Neural Networks - Special issue on neural control and robotics: biology and technology
Understanding intelligence
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
IROS '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Robot Navigation by Combining Central and Peripheral Optical Flow Detection on a Space-Variant Map
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Integrating high-level cognitive systems with sensorimotor control
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Emotions as a bridge to the environment: on the role of body in organisms and robots
SAB'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on From Animals to Animats: simulation of Adaptive Behavior
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Early approaches to understanding intelligence have assumed that intelligence can be studied at the level of algorithms which is why for many years the major tool of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers has been the computer (this has become known as classical AI). As researchers started to build robots they realized that the hardest issues in the study of intelligence involve perception and action in the real world. An entire new research field called "embodied intelligence" (or "New AI", "embodied cognitive science") emerged and "embodimen t" became the new buzzword. In the meantime there has been a lot of research employing robots for the study of intelligence. However, embodiment has not been taken really seriously. Hardly any studies deal with morphology (i.e. shape), material properties, and their relation to sensory- motor processing. The goal of this paper is to investigate - or rather to raise - some of the issues involved and discuss the far-reaching implications of embodiment which leads to a new perspective on intelligence. This new perspective requires considerations of "ecological balance" and sensory-motor coordination, rather than algorithms and computation exclusively. Using a series of case studies, it will be illustrated how these considerations can lead to a new understanding of intelligence.