A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The NURBS book (2nd ed.)
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animating facial features and expressions
Animating facial features and expressions
Dirichlet Free-Form Deformations and their Application to Hand Simulation
CA '97 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
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This paper describes a new NURBS-based method for facial modeling and animation. NURBS curves are constructed to correspond with the facial anatomy, and the vertices on the facial model are geometrically associated with these curves. Facial expressions can be simulated by modifying the weights of the control points of the NURBS curves. The overall method is anatomically based and geometrically simple and intuitive.