Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
TRIPs: an integrated intelligent problem-solving assistant
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Photo-realistic talking-heads from image samples
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Photo-realistic conversation agent
Integrated image and graphics technologies
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An E-Partner is a photo-realistic conversation agent, which has a talking head that not only look photo-realistic but also can have a conversation with the user about a given topic. The conversation is multimedia-enriched in that the E-Partner presents relevant multimedia materials throughout the conversation. To address the challenges presented by the complex conversation domain and task, and to achieve adaptive behaviors, we have derived a novel dialogue manager design consisting of five parts: a domain model, a dialogue model, a discourse model, a task model, and a user model. We also extended existing facial animation techniques to create photo-realistic talking heads that facilitate conversational interactions. Some practical issues like how to handle the uncertainty from speech level are also discussed.