Machine models of music
Musical composition with a high-speed digital computer
Machine models of music
Machine models of music
Simulating musical skills by digital computer
Machine models of music
Music and computer composition
Machine models of music
A method for composing simple traditional music by computer
Machine models of music
Machine models of music
An expert system for harmonizing four-part chorales
Machine models of music
Flavors Band: a language for specifying musical style
Machine models of music
A representation for musical dialects
Machine models of music
MUSACT: a connectionist model of musical harmony
Machine models of music
A learning machine for tonal composition
Machine models of music
Case-based reasoning
Transition network grammars for natural language analysis
Communications of the ACM
Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons and Future Directions
Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons and Future Directions
An Interactive Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Generating Expressive Music
Applied Intelligence
Bob: an improvisational music companion
Bob: an improvisational music companion
SICIB: An Interactive Music Composition System Using Body Movements
Computer Music Journal
In search of the Horowitz factor
AI Magazine
Automatic identification of music performers with learning ensembles
Artificial Intelligence
The 'E' in NIME: musical expression with new computer interfaces
NIME '06 Proceedings of the 2006 conference on New interfaces for musical expression
Manipulation of qualitative degrees to handle uncertainty: formal models and applications
Knowledge and Information Systems
A case based approach to expressivity-aware tempo transformation
Machine Learning
Music compositional intelligence with an affective flavor
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Inducing a generative expressive performance model using a sequential-covering genetic algorithm
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A genetic rule-based model of expressive performance for jazz saxophone
Computer Music Journal
Modelling affective-based music compositional intelligence with the aid of ANS analyses
Knowledge-Based Systems
Spieldose: An Interactive Genetic Software for Assisting to Music Composition Tasks
IWINAC '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international work-conference on The Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, Part I: Bio-inspired Modeling of Cognitive Tasks
Tonal Harmony Analysis: A Supervised Sequential Learning Approach
AI*IA '07 Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing
Case-Based Decision Support for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump Therapy
ECCBR '08 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Advances in Case-Based Reasoning
A Drum Machine That Learns to Groove
KI '08 Proceedings of the 31st annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Automatic parameter tuning with a Bayesian case-based reasoning system. A case of study
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Inmamusys: Intelligent multiagent music system
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Exploiting functional relationships in musical composition
Connection Science - Music, Brain, Cognition
Making Music with AI: Some examples
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Rob Milne: A Tribute to a Pioneering AI Scientist, Entrepreneur and Mountaineer
OntoMusic: from Scores to Expressive Music Performances
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
A Learning-Based Model for Musical Data Representation Using Histograms
Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval. Genesis of Meaning in Sound and Music
A survey of computer systems for expressive music performance
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A sequential covering evolutionary algorithm for expressive music performance
IAAI'06 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Tempoexpress: an expressivity-preserving musical tempo transformation system
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
A Groovy Virtual Drumming Agent
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
A learning scheme for generating expressive music performances of jazz standards
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Automatic identification of music performers with learning ensembles
Artificial Intelligence
Expressive concatenative synthesis by reusing samples from real performance recordings
Computer Music Journal
An emotion-driven musical piece generator for a constructive adaptive user interface
PRICAI'06 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim international conference on Artificial intelligence
Playing Mozart phrase by phrase
ICCBR'03 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Case-based reasoning: Research and Development
Automatic performer identification in commercial monophonic Jazz performances
Pattern Recognition Letters
Identifying violin performers by their expressive trends
Intelligent Data Analysis - Machine Learning and Music
Modeling violin performances using inductive logic programming
Intelligent Data Analysis - Machine Learning and Music
A state of the art on computational music performance
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Identifying attack articulations in classical guitar
CMMR'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Exploring music contents
A CSP approach for modeling the hand gestures of a virtual guitarist
AI*IA'05 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A methodological contribution to music sequences analysis
ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
A conditional model for tonal analysis
ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Extracting emotions from music data
ISMIS'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Towards extracting emotions from music
IMTCI'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence
Analyzing musical expressivity with a soft computing approach
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
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In this article, we first survey the three major types of computer music systems based on AI techniques: (1) compositional, (2) improvisational, and (3) performance systems. Representative examples of each type are briefly described. Then, we look in more detail at the problem of endowing the resulting performances with the expressiveness that characterizes human-generated music. This is one of the most challenging aspects of computer music that has been addressed just recently. The main problem in modeling expressiveness is to grasp the performer's "touch," that is, the knowledge applied when performing a score. Humans acquire it through a long process of observation and imitation. For this reason, previous approaches, based on following musical rules trying to capture interpretation knowledge, had serious limitations. An alternative approach, much closer to the observation-imitation process observed in humans, is that of directly using the interpretation knowledge implicit in examples extracted from recordings of human performers instead of trying to make explicit such knowledge. In the last part of the article, we report on a performance system, SAXEX, based on this alternative approach, that is capable of generating high-quality expressive solo performances of jazz ballads based on examples of human performers within a case-based reasoning (CBR) system.