A discrete control model of operator function: A methodology for information dislay design
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Decision support in supervisory control of high-risk industrial systems
Automatica (Journal of IFAC)
Cognitive engineering: human problem solving with tools
Human Factors
Search strategies and database design for information retrieval in libraries
Tasks, errors, and mental models
Cognitive systems engineering
Making the abstraction hierarchy concrete
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A longitudinal study of the effects of ecological interface design on deep knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Navigation strategies with ecological displays
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Retrospective data collection and analytical techniques for patient safety studies
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Patient safety
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Linking ergonomics simulation to production process development
Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation
Informing the specification of a large-scale socio-technical system with models of human activity
REFSQ'07 Proceedings of the 13th international working conference on Requirements engineering: foundation for software quality
The development of a cognitive work analysis tool
EPCE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics
Development of a systems-based human factors design approach for road safety applications
EPCE'13 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: applications and services - Volume Part II
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This paper describes the integration of cognitive analysis into the early stages of design of a new, large-scale system--a next generation US Navy Surface combatant. Influencing complex system designs in ways cognizant of human-system integration principles requires work products that are timely and tightly coupled to other elements of the design process. Because analyses were conducted simultaneously with the design processes regarding ship functionality and staffing, it was necessary to select and adapt cognitive work analysis methods to fit the demands of a time pressured and information-limited design situation. Interviews were conducted and analyzed based on aspects of an abstraction hierarchy and control task models. An abstraction hierarchy, a series of cross-linked matrices, and a set of decision ladder models were developed to provide a principled mapping between system function decompositions produced by system engineering teams and cognitive tasks, information needs, automation requirements, and concepts for displays. Cross-referencing the matrices supported design traceability and facilitated the integration of cognitive analyses with functional analyses being performed by other design teams. Results fed into design recommendations with respect to level of automation, human roles and initial display prototypes for the ship combat command center. The case study illustrates the utility of cognitive work analysis models (specifically, abstraction hierarchies and decision-ladder models) in the design of large-scale, first-of-a-kind systems, and presents new design artifacts that link concepts used in cognitive analyses to those used in systems engineering for more effective integration within the systems engineering process.