The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming
Communications of the ACM
A graphical programming language interface for an intelligent LISP tutor
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding and debugging novice programs
Artificial intelligence and learning environments
Iconic programming proves effective for teaching the first year programming sequence
SIGCSE '97 Proceedings of the twenty-eighth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
An integrated program development tool for teaching and learning how to program
SIGCSE '99 The proceedings of the thirtieth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Two threads from the empirical studies of programmers
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Programming patterns and design patterns in the introductory computer science course
Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Applications of AI in education
Crossroads - Special issue on artificial intelligence
The ANIMAL algorithm animation tool
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Making students read and review code
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Analyzing student programs (poster session)
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
An exploration of novice programming errors in an object-oriented environment
ITiCSE-WGR '99 Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Factors affecting performance in first-year computing
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Automatic diagnosis of student programs in programming learning environments
IJCAI'99 Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Ludwig: an online programming tutoring and assessment system
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
SAICSIT '05 Proceedings of the 2005 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
A tool to help students to develop programming skills
CompSysTech '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computer systems and technologies
A survey of literature on the teaching of introductory programming
Working group reports on ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education
An interactive functional programming tutor
Proceedings of the 17th ACM annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
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First year Computer Science students often encounter difficulties when learning to write procedural and object-oriented programs for the first time. This is also true of students being exposed to a new programming paradigm. One-on-one tutoring has proven to be the most effective means of assisting first time programmers overcome learning difficulties. However, due to large class numbers and funding constraints the provision of one-on-one tutoring is not usually possible. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have successfully been used to tutor novice programmers on a one-on-one basis. Despite this, intelligent programming tutors (IPTs) are not widely used and few such systems have made their way into the classroom. This can be attributed to the high developmental costs associated with building IPTs. The paper firstly identifies the facilities that must be provided by intelligent programming tutors. In an attempt to reduce the costs of developing IPTs, the paper proposes a generic architecture for the development of intelligent programming tutors. The paper specifies the components that should comprise such an architecture and describes the functions that must be performed by each component.