Resource containers: a new facility for resource management in server systems
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Web content adaptation to improve server overload behavior
WWW '99 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web
Performance Guarantees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Understanding the Linux Kernel
Understanding the Linux Kernel
Kernel Mechanisms for Service Differentiation in Overloaded Web Servers
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Portable RK: A Portable Resource Kernel for Guaranteed and Enforced Timing Behavior
RTAS '99 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance
ICDCS '02 Proceedings of the 22 nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02)
Differentiated Caching Services; A Control-Theoretical Approach
ICDCS '01 Proceedings of the The 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
A Feedback Control Approach for Guaranteeing Relative Delays in Web Servers
RTAS '01 Proceedings of the Seventh Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS '01)
Virtual services: a new abstraction for server consolidation
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Retrofitting quality of service into a time-sharing operating system
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A control-based middleware framework for quality-of-service adaptations
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Web server support for tiered services
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Power-aware QoS Management in Web Servers
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Software—Practice & Experience
A proactive distributed qos control framework for cluster web site
HPCC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on High Performance Computing and Communications
Agile middleware for scheduling: meeting competing performance requirements of diverse tasks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/SPEC international conference on Performance engineering
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Most research on QoS-aware computing considers systemswhere code is generally partitioned into separatelyschedulable tasks with associated timing constraints. Insharp contrast to such systems is a myriad of mainstreamoff-the-shelf applications and services such as Web servers,caches, mail servers, and content distribution proxies whereQoS guarantees may be needed, yet the software followsa best-effort one-size-serves-all model. In this model, differenttraffic classes are not mapped to different schedulableentities (tasks), making it impossible to use real-timescheduling meaningfully to satisfy application QoS.This paper presents a kernel-level solution to the problemof retrofitting such best-effort systems with QoS supportwithout changing application code. The solution hasbeen implemented in Linux. By downloading a few kernelpatches and configuring the patched kernel appropriately,a system administrator can endow a best-effort servicewith QoS assurances transparently to the legacy server.An extensible library is provided in a separate QoS managerthat allows implementing different types of QoS guaranteeswithin the extended service. The performance of the resultingsystem is evaluated on the implemented Linux-basedprototype. It is shown that QoS-sensitive behavior is successfullyachieved.