Effects of route optimization on out-of-order packet delivery in mobile IP networks
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal
Handover mechanism for differentiated qos in high-speed portable internet
ICOIN'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Information Networking: convergence in broadband and mobile networking
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Smooth handof was introduced in mobile IP toovercome the problem of packet loss during handoff.However, smooth handoff causes packets sequencedisruption during packet forwarding procedure whichmay result in degradation of network performance inhigher layer protocol.In this paper, we discuss the impactof receiving out-of-sequence packets by the mobile nodeon TCP and UDP applications and we propose a technique which minimizes the arrival of out-of-sequencepackets to the mobile node.This technique anticipates theforwarding of packets from the current foreign agent tothe new one while the mobile node initiates its handoff.Toevaluate our solution, we use the unstable time period(UTP) when the packet sequence could be mis-ordered.We show that the unstable time period in our solution isvery lower than the unstable time period in classicalsmooth handoff.Furthermore, we also show that oursolution reduces considerably the out-of-sequence packetsgenerated by smooth handoff.