The elements of graphing data
The visual display of quantitative information
The visual display of quantitative information
Modelling and visualizing multiple spatial uncertainties
Computers & Geosciences - Special issue on exploratory cartographic visualization
Visual exploration of uncertainty in remote-sensing classification
Computers & Geosciences - Special issue on computers, geoscience and geocomputation
Procedural annotation of uncertain information
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Glyphs for Visualizing Uncertainty in Vector Fields
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Navigating Hierarchies with Structure-Based Brushes
INFOVIS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Visualizing Data with Bounded Uncertainty
INFOVIS '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02)
Restorer: a visualization technique for handling missing data
VIS '94 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94
Visualizing Data with Bounded Uncertainty
INFOVIS '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02)
The Challenge of Missing and Uncertain Data
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Visualizing Large-Scale Uncertainty in Astrophysical Data
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
CandidTree: visualizing structural uncertainty in similar hierarchies
Information Visualization
Revealing uncertainty for information visualization
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
CandidTree: visualizing structural uncertainty in similar hierarchies
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Revealing uncertainty for information visualization
Information Visualization
Visualizing missing data: graph interpretation user study
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Trust me, i'm partially right: incremental visualization lets analysts explore large datasets faster
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Information Visualization - Special issue on State of the Field and New Research Directions
Uncertainty-aware exploration of continuous parameter spaces using multivariate prediction
EuroVis'11 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
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Visualization is a powerful way to facilitate data analysis, but it is crucial that visualization systems explicitly convey the presence, nature, and degree of uncertainty to users. Otherwise, there is a danger that data will be falsely interpreted, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. A common method for denoting uncertainty is to use error bars or similar techniques designed to convey the degree of statistical uncertainty. While uncertainty can often be modeled statistically, a second form of uncertainty, bounded uncertainty, can also arise that has very different properties than statistical uncertainty. Error bars should not be used for bounded uncertainty because they do not convey the correct properties, so a different technique should be used instead. In this paper we describe a technique for conveying bounded uncertainty in visualizations and show how it can be applied systematically to common displays of abstract charts and graphs. Interestingly, it is not always possible to show the exact degree of uncertainty, and in some cases it can only be displayed approximately.