3DM: a three dimensional modeler using a head-mounted display
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Interactive constraint-based solid modeling using allowable motion
SMA '93 Proceedings on the second ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
A shared virtual workspace for constraint-based solid modelling
VE '95 Selected papers of the Eurographics workshops on Virtual environments '95
Efficient and precise solid modelling using a 3D input device
SMA '97 Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
Software architecture for a constraint-based virtual environment
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
SeamlessDesign for 3D Object Creation
IEEE MultiMedia
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Model Representation for Solid Modelling in a Virtual Reality Environment
SMI '02 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2002 (SMI'02)
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The absence of constraints when interacting with virtual objects is one of the major limitations in the current Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Without constraints, it is difficult to perform precise interactive manipulations and precise solid modelling in VR environments cannot be ensured. In this paper, constraint-based 3D direct manipulations are acquired through incorporating constraints into the VR environment for intuitive and precise solid modelling. Solid modelling in the VR environment is precisely performed in an intuitive manner through precise constraint-based manipulations. Constraint-based manipulations are accompanied by automatic constraint recognition and precise constraint satisfaction and are realized by allowable motions for precise 3D interactions in the VR environment. The allowable motions are represented as a mathematical matrix for conveniently deriving the allowable motions from constraints. A procedure-based degree-of-freedom incorporation approach for 3D constraint solving is presented to derive the allowable motions. A rule-based constraint recognition engine is developed for both constraint-based manipulations and implicitly incorporating constraints into the VR environment. Some special constraint-based manipulations are also implemented as modelling operations for solid modelling in the VR environment.