A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
Readings in speech recognition
Elements of information theory
Elements of information theory
A Markov-based channel model algorithm for wireless networks
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Cross-layer protocol design for real-time multimedia applications over 802.11 b networks
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1
Optimizing wireless multimedia transmissions through cross layer design
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Analysis and modeling of errors at the 802.11b link layer
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Blind channel estimation and data detection using hidden Markovmodels
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Hidden Markov modeling of flat fading channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Outdoor experimental comparison of four ad hoc routing algorithms
MSWiM '04 Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Linear-complexity models for wireless MAC-to-MAC channels
Wireless Networks
Impact of radio propagation models in vehicular ad hoc networks simulations
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks
Integration of physical phenomena into an experiment-based propagation model
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor and ubiquitous networks
Modelling and analysis of bandwidth competition in 802.11 wireless networks
International Journal of Mobile Network Design and Innovation
TSR: trust-based secure MANET routing using HMMs
Proceedings of the 4th ACM symposium on QoS and security for wireless and mobile networks
Buffer Coding for Reliable Transmissions over Wireless Networks
Computer Communications
M&M: multi-level Markov model for wireless link simulations
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Loss performance model for wireless channels with autocorrelated arrivals and losses
Computer Communications
Cross-layer modeling of wireless channels for data-link and IP layer performance evaluation
Computer Communications
Performance of different TCP variants in IEEE 802.11 WLAN and the TCP-WOW algorithm
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Analysis on the perceptual impact of bit errors in practical video streaming applications
IMSAA'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Internet multimedia services architecture and applications
Graph-Theoretic Complexity Reduction for Markovian Wireless Channel Models
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
802.11 MAC protocol with selective error detection for speech transmission
QoS-IP'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks
Simple, accurate and computationally efficient wireless channel modeling algorithm
WWIC'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
Survey: Performance models for wireless channels
Computer Science Review
Improving wireless link simulation using multilevel markov models
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Discrete-time Markov Model for Wireless Link Burstiness Simulations
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Hi-index | 0.01 |
Errors introduced by a wireless medium are more frequent and profound than contemporary wired media. Some of these errors, which are not corrected by the physical layer, result in Medium Access Control (MAC) layer bit errors and packet losses. Design of wireless protocols and applications can benefit substantially from a thorough understanding of these MAC layer impairments. This paper evaluates and proposes Markov-based stochastic chains to model the 802.11b MAC-to-MAC channel behavior for both bit errors and packet losses. We introduce an Entropy Normalized Kullback-Leibler measure to evaluate the performance of existing and new bit error and packet loss models. Based on the proposed measure, and contrary to recent results for mobile networks, we demonstrate that the traditional two-state Markov chain provides a very suitable model for the 802.11b MAC-to-MAC packet loss process. However, this simple model is not adequate for bit errors observed at the MAC layer of wireless local area networks. Consequently, we evaluate three other Markov-based chains for modeling these errors: full-state, hidden, and hierarchical Markov chains. Among these chains, we illustrate that the full-state Markov bit error model, evaluated under a wide range of order values, renders the best performance.