Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Applying the act-function-phase model to aviation documentation
Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Computer documentation
Intentional structures of documents
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
Modeling document-mediated interaction
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Computer documentation
Combining usability research with documentation development for improved user support
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Computer documentation
An Evidential Model for Tracking Initiative in Collaborative Dialogue Interactions
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Mixed-Initiative Issues in an Agent-Based Meeting Scheduler
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
ACL '85 Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Mixed initiative in dialogue: an investigation into discourse segmentation
ACL '90 Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Design of communication: a review of theories and models
Proceedings of the Workshop on Information Systems and Design of Communication
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In this paper we propose a model of creation and use of documentation based on the concept of mixed-initiative interaction. In our model, successful single-initiative interaction is characterized by grounding of contributions, and successful mixed-initiative interaction is characterized by both grounding and agreement. Just as in spoken conversation, achievement of actual agreement depends on the intentions of both parties; agreement is achieved when the reader follows the documentation's instructions. In fact, readers are not obligated to-and often do not-act according to the author's intentions. By making these dynamics explicit, the model can aid authors in developing effective documentation. The paper describes the model and its antecedents, explains the application of the model to documentation, discusses implications such as effects of printed versus electronic forms of documentation, and outlines future work that includes empirical testing of the model.