Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Envisioning information
Contextual design: an emergent view of system design
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Application Visualization System: A Computational Environment for Scientific Visualization
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Visualization: A Dataflow Toolkit for Visualization
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
FAST: a multi-processed environment for visualization of computational fluid dynamics
VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90
A characterization of the scientific data analysis process
VIS '92 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Visualization '92
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Designers, implementers, and marketers of data analysis tools typically have different perspectives than end users. Consequently, data analysts often find themselves using tools focused on graphics and programming concepts rather than concepts which reflect their own domain and the context of their work. Some user studies focus on usability tests late in development; others observe work activity, but fail to show how to apply that knowledge in design. This paper describes a methodology for applying observations of data analysis work activity in prototype tool design. The approach can be used both in designing improved data analysis tools, and customizing visualization environments to specific applications. We present an example of user-centered design for a prototype tool to cull large data sets. We revisit the typical graphical approach of animating a large data set from the point of view of an analyst who is culling data. Field evaluations using the prototype tool not only revealed valuable usability information, but initiated in-depth discussions about users' work, tools, technology, and requirements.