Tcl and the Tk toolkit
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue: spatial information
Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth
Computers & Geosciences - Special issue on exploratory cartographic visualization
Role of dynamic cartography in simulations of landscape processes based on multivariate fields
Computers & Geosciences - Special issue on exploratory cartographic visualization
Going virtual with geographic information and scientific visualization
Computers & Geosciences - Special issue on exploratory cartographic visualization
Warping and morphing of graphical objects
Warping and morphing of graphical objects
Image processing and data analysis: the multiscale approach
Image processing and data analysis: the multiscale approach
Information visualization: perception for design
Information visualization: perception for design
The use of different media in visualizing spatial data
Computers & Geosciences
Visualization of geographically related multidimensional data in virtual 3D scenes
Computers & Geosciences
Cognitive aspects on the representation of dynamic environmental phenomena using animations
Environmental information systems in industry and public administration
Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision
Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision
Three Dimensional Applications in Geographical Information Systems
Three Dimensional Applications in Geographical Information Systems
Computers for Animation
Visualizing Vector Field Topology in Fluid Flows
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Automatic extraction of Irregular Network digital terrain models
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Moving iconic objects in scientific visualization
VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90
Visualization of fuzzy data using generalized animation
VIS '92 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Visualization '92
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Animated sequences of raster images that represent continuously varying surfaces, such as a temporal series of an evolving landform or an attribute series of socio-economic variation, are often used in an attempt to gain insight from ordered sequences of raster spatial data. Despite their aesthetic appeal and condensed nature, such representations are limited in terms of their suitability for prompting ideas and offering insight due to their poor information delivery and the lack of the levels of interactivity that are required to support visualization. Cartographic techniques aim to assist users of geographic information through processes of abstraction, by selecting, simplifying, smoothing and exaggerating when representing an underlying spatial data set graphically. Here we suggest a number of transformations and abstractions that take advantage of these techniques in a specific context-that of addressing the limitations associated with using animated raster surfaces for visualization, and propose them in the context of a framework that can be used to inform practice. The five techniques proposed are spatial and attribute smoothing, temporal interpolation, transformation of the surfaces into a network of morphometric features, the use of a graphic lag or fading and the employment of techniques for conditional interactivity that are appropriate for visualization. These efforts allow us to generate graphical environments that support visualization when using animated sequences of images representing continuous surfaces and are analogous to traditional cartographic techniques, namely, smoothing and exaggeration, simplification, enhancement and the various issues of design. By developing a framework for considering cartography in support of visualization from this particular type of data and phenomenon we aim to highlight the utility of a generically cartographic approach to information visualization. A number of particular techniques originating from computer science and conventional cartography are used in an application of the framework. A suitably interactive software tool is offered for evaluation-to establish the results of applying the framework and demonstrate ways in which we may augment the visualization of dynamic raster surfaces through animation and more generally aim to offer opportunity for insight through cartographic design.