On the complexity of ID/LP parsing 1

  • Authors:
  • G. Edward Barton

  • Affiliations:
  • MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA

  • Venue:
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Year:
  • 1985

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Abstract

Modern linguistic theory attributes surface complexity to interacting subsystems of constraints. For instance, the ID/LP grammar formalism separates constraints on immediate dominance from those on linear order. An ID/LP parsing algorithm by Shieber shows how to use ID and LP constraints directly in language processing, without expanding them into an intermediate context-free "object grammar". However, Shieber's purported runtime bound underestimates the difficulty of ID/LP parsing. ID/LP parsing is actually NP-complete, and the worst-case runtime of Shieber's algorithm is actually exponential in grammar size. The growth of parser data structures causes the difficulty. Some computational and linguistic implications follow; in particular, it is important to note that, despite its potential for combinatorial explosion, Shieber's algorithm remains better than the alternative of parsing an expanded object grammar.