A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM)
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ad Hoc mobility management with uniform quorum systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks
DIALM '99 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications
A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks
Wireless Networks
Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low-level naming
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Location errors in wireless embedded sensor networks: sources, models, and effects on applications
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Advances in Network Simulation
Computer
Data-centric storage in sensornets with GHT, a geographic hash table
Mobile Networks and Applications
Poster abstract: on the effect of localization errors on geographic face routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Self-configuring localization systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Local solutions for global problems in wireless networks
Journal of Discrete Algorithms
Impact of location errors on energy-efficient geographic routing in wireless sensor networks
APCC'09 Proceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific conference on Communications
Power-saving geographic routing in the presence of location errors
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
Energy-efficient geographic routing in the presence of localization errors
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Effective geographic routing in wireless sensor networks with innacurate location information
ADHOC-NOW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ad-hoc, mobile, and wireless networks
Geographic pattern routing for MANETOR in IVC
ADHOC-NOW'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks
International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
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Recently, geographic routing in wireless networks has gained attention due to several advantages of location information. Location information eliminates the necessity to set up and maintain explicit routes, which reduces communication overhead and routing table size. These advantages allow scalability especially in dynamic and unstable wireless networks. However, no matter which technologies or techniques a location system uses, its measurements will have some amount of quantifiable inaccuracy depending on environment and system. These inaccuracies may affect the performance and even correctness of geographic routing. However, thus far, these impacts have not been studied in-depth. In this paper, we analyze the impact of location inaccuracy on geographic routing. First, we model location inaccuracy metrics - absolute location inaccuracy, relative distance inaccuracy, absolute location inconsistency and relative distance inconsistency. Then, we analyze how location inaccuracy metrics affect the building blocks of geographic routing including greedy forwarding and local maximum resolution. We use extensive NS-2 simulations to evaluate the performance of geographic routing using a wide array of parameter settings including inaccuracy level, node degree and network diameter. In our simulation results, reasonable location inaccuracy (of 20 percent or less of radio range) caused packet drop reaching up to 54 percent, non-optimal path up to 53 percent and packet looping. These observations indicate the importance of re-visiting geographic routing protocols, and the significance of considering location inaccuracy in their design and evaluation.