Discourse strategies for generating natural-language text
Artificial Intelligence
Automated discourse generation using discourse structure relations
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on natural language processing
Informational redundancy and resource bounds in dialogue
Informational redundancy and resource bounds in dialogue
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Learning to act using real-time dynamic programming
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computational research on interaction and agency, part 1
Empirical methods for artificial intelligence
Empirical methods for artificial intelligence
What can I say?: evaluating a spoken language interface to Email
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dynamic Programming
PARADISE: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Planning text for advisory dialogues
ACL '89 Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Response generation in collaborative negotiation
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Designing and Evaluating an Adaptive Spoken Dialogue System
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A reliable natural language interface to household appliances
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Conversational interface technologies
The human-computer interaction handbook
Information state and dialogue management in the TRINDI dialogue move engine toolkit
Natural Language Engineering
Towards developing general models of usability with PARADISE
Natural Language Engineering
NAACL 2000 Proceedings of the 1st North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics conference
Automatic optimization of dialogue management
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Understanding unsegmented user utterances in real-time spoken dialogue systems
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Automatic detection of poor speech recognition at the dialogue level
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
An agent-based approach to dialogue management in personal assistants
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
A conversational interface for online shopping
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Conversational sales assistant for online shopping
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Scalability and portability of a belief network-based dialog model for different application domains
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
NAACL '01 Proceedings of the second meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Language technologies
Spoken dialogue management using probabilistic reasoning
ACL '00 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Epiphenomenal grammar acquisition with GSG
ANLP/NAACL-ConvSyst '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ANLP/NAACL Workshop on Conversational systems - Volume 3
Dynamic user level and utility measurement for adaptive dialog in a help-desk system
SIGDIAL '00 Proceedings of the 1st SIGdial workshop on Discourse and dialogue - Volume 10
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Using model trees for evaluating dialog error conditions based on acoustic information
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Human-centered multimedia
Health dialog systems for patients and consumers
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Dialog systems for health communications
Partially observable Markov decision processes for spoken dialog systems
Computer Speech and Language
Automatic learning of dialogue strategy using dialogue simulation and reinforcement learning
HLT '02 Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research
Evaluating user simulations with the Cramér-von Mises divergence
Speech Communication
Hybrid reinforcement/supervised learning of dialogue policies from fixed data sets
Computational Linguistics
Automatic annotation of context and speech acts for dialogue corpora
Natural Language Engineering
Epiphenomenal grammar acquisition with GSG
ConversationalSys '00 Proceedings of the ANLP-NAACL 2000 Workshop on Conversational Systems
Evaluation of a hierarchical reinforcement learning spoken dialogue system
Computer Speech and Language
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Optimizing dialogue management with reinforcement learning: experiments with the NJFun system
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Automatically training a problematic dialogue predictor for a spoken dialogue system
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Relationship between utterances and "enthusiasm" in non-task-oriented conversational dialogue
SigDIAL '06 Proceedings of the 7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Designing and evaluating a wizarded uncertainty-adaptive spoken dialogue tutoring system
Computer Speech and Language
Controlling user perceptions of linguistic style: Trainable generation of personality traits
Computational Linguistics
Fast reinforcement learning of dialogue policies using stable function approximation
IJCNLP'04 Proceedings of the First international joint conference on Natural Language Processing
Reward shaping for statistical optimisation of dialogue management
SLSP'13 Proceedings of the First international conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing
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This paper describes a novel method by which a dialogue agent can learn to choose an optimal dialogue strategy. While it is widely agreed that dialogue strategies should be formulated in terms of communicative intentions, there has been little work on automatically optimizing an agent's choices when there are multiple ways to realize a communicative intention. Our method is based on a combination of learning algorithms and empirical evaluation techniques. The learning component of our method is based on algorithms for reinforcement learning, such as dynamic programming and Q-learning. The empirical component uses the PARADISE evaluation framework (Walker et al., 1997) to identify the important performance factors and to provide the performance function needed by the learning algorithm. We illustrate our method with a dialogue agent named ELVIS (EmaiL Voice Interactive System), that supports access to email over the phone. We show how ELVIS can learn to choose among alternate strategies for agent initiative, for reading messages, and for summarizing email folders.