Vector quantization and signal compression
Vector quantization and signal compression
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Digital Image Watermarking: An Overview
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
VQ-Based gray watermark hiding scheme and genetic index assignment
PCM'04 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part II
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A novel watermarking scheme based on vector quantisation (VQ) for digital still images is presented. This scheme begins with the procedure of partitioning the original codebook into two sub-codebooks. To achieve this, two strategies are proposed. The first one requires no complex algorithm and gives the users full freedom for partitioning. The second one is a genetic codebook partition procedure, which has the ability to improve the perfonmance of tile proposed watermarking scheme. After that, the information of codebook partition is served as a secret key and is used in the proposed watermarking scheme. In the embedding procedure, according to the watermark bit to be embedded a sub-codebook is chosen. The traditional VQ nearest codeword search is then performed to obtain the nearest codeword for the input vector. In the extracting procedure, the traditional VQ table lookup procedure is executed. With the same secret key, the hidden watermark bit can be determined by examining which same-codebook the corresponding codeword is belonging to. It is denaonstated that the proposed watermarking scheme provides better quality in watermarked images, stronger robustness under some common attacks, faster encoding time, and effective methods for partitioning codebooks.