Commutativity-Based Concurrency Control for Abstract Data Types
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Commutativity-based locking for nested transactions
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
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Commutativity analysis: a new analysis technique for parallelizing compilers
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Automating first-order relational logic
SIGSOFT '00/FSE-8 Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering: twenty-first century applications
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Symbolic Model Checking
Object Modeling with the OCL, The Rationale behind the Object Constraint Language
Object Modeling with the OCL, The Rationale behind the Object Constraint Language
Specification and verification of concurrent systems in CESAR
Proceedings of the 5th Colloquium on International Symposium on Programming
OCL: Syntax, Semantics, and Tools
Object Modeling with the OCL, The Rationale behind the Object Constraint Language
The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA
The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA
An aspect-oriented methodology for designing secure applications
Information and Software Technology
From UML to Alloy and back again
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation
XMI2USE: A Tool for Transforming XMI to USE Specifications
ER '09 Proceedings of the ER 2009 Workshops (CoMoL, ETheCoM, FP-UML, MOST-ONISW, QoIS, RIGiM, SeCoGIS) on Advances in Conceptual Modeling - Challenging Perspectives
Kodkod: a relational model finder
TACAS'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
From UML to alloy and back again
MODELS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Models in Software Engineering
UML2Alloy: a challenging model transformation
MODELS'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
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CONCUR'12 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Concurrency Theory
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International Journal of Information and Computer Security
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Two operations commute if executing them serially in either order results in the same change of state. In a system in which commands may be issued simultaneously by different users, lack of commutativity can result in unpredictable behaviour, even if the commands are serialized, because one user's command may be preempted by another's, and thus executed in an unanticipated state. This paper describes an automated approach to analyzing commutativity. The operations are expressed as constraints in a declarative modelling language such as Alloy, and a constraint solver is used to find violating scenarios. A case study application to the beam scheduling component of a proton therapy machine (originally specified in OCL) revealed several violations of commutativity in which requests from medical technicians in treatment rooms could conflict with the actions of a beam operator in a master control room. Some of the issues involved in automating the analysis for OCL itself are also discussed.