Logical, internal, and physical reference behavior in CODASYL database systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Principles of database buffer management
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Disk cache—miss ratio analysis and design considerations
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Join processing in database systems with large main memories
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Diversity in database reference behavior
SIGMETRICS '89 Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Measurements of a distributed file system
SOSP '91 Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Analysis of file I/O traces in commercial computing environments
SIGMETRICS '92/PERFORMANCE '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
A modeling study of the TPC-C benchmark
SIGMOD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Database buffer size investigation for OLTP workloads
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Database performance in the real world: TPC-D and SAP R/3
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Trace-driven memory simulation: a survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Performance characterization of a Quad Pentium Pro SMP using OLTP workloads
Proceedings of the 25th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
A large-scale study of file-system contents
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Empirical results on locality in database referencing
SIGMETRICS '85 Proceedings of the 1985 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Sequentiality and prefetching in database systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Principles of Optimal Page Replacement
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
A trace-driven analysis of the UNIX 4.2 BSD file system
Proceedings of the tenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system
Communications of the ACM
Performance analysis of a relational data base management system
SIGMOD '79 Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Directory Reference Patterns in Hierarchical File Systems
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Buffer Management Model For Use In Predicting Overall Database System Performance
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Data Engineering
Performance Limits of Two-Phase Locking
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Data Engineering
DBMSs on a Modern Processor: Where Does Time Go?
VLDB '99 Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Analysis of locking behavior in three real database systems
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Disk Caching in Large Database and Timeshared Systems
MASCOTS '97 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems
Projecting the Performance of Decision Support Workloads on Systems with Smart Storage (SmartSTOR)
ICPADS '00 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems
I/O Reference Behavior of Production Database Workloads and the TPC
I/O Reference Behavior of Production Database Workloads and the TPC
Analysis of the Characteristics of Production Database Workloads and
Analysis of the Characteristics of Production Database Workloads and
Efficient Analysis of Caching Systems
Efficient Analysis of Caching Systems
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
A methodology for auto-recognizing DBMS workloads
CASCON '02 Proceedings of the 2002 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
Decision-Support Workload Characteristics on a Clustered Database Server from the OS Perspective
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Characteristics of I/O traffic in personal computer and server workloads
IBM Systems Journal
Reducing Server Data Traffic Using a Hierarchical Computation Model
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
HyLog: A High Performance Approach to Managing Disk Layout
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
The automatic improvement of locality in storage systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Large scale Itanium® 2 processor OLTP workload characterization and optimization
DaMoN '06 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Data management on new hardware
SARC: sequential prefetching in adaptive replacement cache
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Is it DSS or OLTP: automatically identifying DBMS workloads
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Application of Queueing Network Models in the Performance Evaluation of Database Designs
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Evaluating Non-In-Place Update Techniques for Flash-Based Transaction Processing Systems
DEXA '09 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Algorithms for memory hierarchies: advanced lectures
Algorithms for memory hierarchies: advanced lectures
Data caching as a cloud service
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Large Scale Distributed Systems and Middleware
HyLog: a high performance approach to managing disk layout
FAST'04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Mining and modeling database user access patterns
ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Database system performance evaluation models: A survey
Performance Evaluation
Surveying the landscape: an in-depth analysis of spatial database workloads
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
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There has been very little empirical analysis of any real production database workloads. Although the Transaction Processing Performance Council benchmarks C (TPC-CTM) and D (TPC-DTM) have become the standard benchmarks for on-line transaction processing and decision support systems, respectively, there has not been any major effort to systematically analyze their workload characteristics, especially in relation to those of real production database workloads. In this paper, we examine the characteristics of the production database workloads of ten of the world's largest corporations, and we also compare them to TPC-C and TPC-D. We find that the production workloads exhibit a wide range of behavior. In general, the two TPC benchmarks complement one another in reflecting the characteristics of the production workloads, but some aspects of real workloads are still not represented by either of the benchmarks. Specifically, our analysis suggests that the TPC benchmarks tend to exercise the following aspects of the system differently than the production workloads: concurrency control mechanism, workload-adaptive techniques, scheduling and resource allocation policies, and I/O optimizations for temporary and index files. We also reexamine Amdahl's rule of thumb for a typical data processing system and discover that both the TPC benchmarks and the production workloads generate on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 bit of logical I/O per instruction, surprisingly close to the much earlier figure.