Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Principles of pictorial information systems design
Principles of pictorial information systems design
2D C-string: a new spatial knowledge representation for image database systems
Pattern Recognition
Photobook: content-based manipulation of image databases
International Journal of Computer Vision
VisualSEEk: a fully automated content-based image query system
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Retrieving similar pictures from a pictorial database by an improved hashing table
Pattern Recognition Letters
Genetic Learning for Adaptive Image Segmentation
Genetic Learning for Adaptive Image Segmentation
Picture Similarity Retrieval Using the 2D Projection Interval Representation
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Virtual Images for Similarity Retrieval in Image Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
ImageMap: An Image Indexing Method Based on Spatial Similarity
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
An Object-Oriented Fuzzy Data Model for Similarity Detection in Image Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Region-Based Fuzzy Feature Matching Approach to Content-Based Image Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
2D Projection Interval Relationships: A Symbolic Representation of Spatial Relationships
SSD '95 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
Extended Symbolic Projections as a Knowledge Structure for Spatial Reasoning
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
WaveGuide: a joint wavelet-based image representation and description system
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Mining spatial association rules in image databases
Information Sciences: an International Journal
An efficient iconic indexing strategy for image rotation and reflection in image databases
Journal of Systems and Software
Confidence interval approach to feature re-weighting
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Mining frequent patterns in image databases with 9D-SPA representation
Journal of Systems and Software
Ego-similarity measurement for relevance feedback
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Modified 9DLT matrix for similarity retrieval of line-drawing images
PReMI'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Pattern recognition and machine intelligence
Embedding spatial information into image content description for scene retrieval
Pattern Recognition
Reasoning about cardinal directions between extended objects
Artificial Intelligence
The similarity of video based on the association graph construction of video objects
ICCCI'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computational collective intelligence: technologies and applications - Volume Part II
A cartography of spatial relationships in a symbolic image database
CAIP'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns - Volume Part I
The reasoning and analysis of spatial direction relation based on voronoi diagram
KES'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part II
Reasoning With Topological And Directional Spatial Information
Computational Intelligence
Structured representations in a content based image retrieval context
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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Spatial relationships between objects are important features for designing a content-based image retrieval system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, called 9D-SPA representation, for encoding the spatial relations in an image. With this representation, important functions of intelligent image database systems such as visualization, browsing, spatial reasoning, iconic indexing, and similarity retrieval can be easily achieved. The capability of discriminating images based on 9D-SPA representation is much more powerful than any spatial representation method based on Minimum Bounding Rectangles or centroids of objects. The similarity measures using 9D-SPA representation provide a wide range of fuzzy matching capability in similarity retrieval to meet different user's requirements. Experimental results showed that our system is very effective in terms of recall and precision. In addition, the 9D-SPA representation can be incorporated into a two-level index structure to help reduce the search space of each query processing. The experimental results also demonstrated that, on average, only 0.1254 percent \sim 1.6829 percent of symbolic pictures (depending on various degrees of similarity) were accessed per query in an image database containing 50,000 symbolic pictures.