Comparison of head-up display (HUD) vs. head-down display (HDD): driving performance of commercial vehicle operators in Taiwan

Authors:
Yung-Ching Liu;Ming-Hui Wen
Affiliations:
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 Section 3, University Road, Touliu, Yunlin 640, Taiwan;Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 Section 3, University Road, Touliu, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
Venue:
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Year:
2004

Citing 2
Cited 8

The effects of a simulated head-up display speedometer on perceptual task performance

Human Factors
Heuristic evaluation

Usability inspection methods

Holistic Sensing and Active Displays for Intelligent Driver Support Systems

Computer
Take me home: designing safer in-vehicle navigation devices

CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A prototype of landmark-based car navigation using a full-windshield head-up display system

AMC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 workshop on Ambient media computing
A novel active heads-up display for driver assistance

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on human computing
Simulators for driving safety study: a literature review

ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
A review of driver mental workload in driver-vehicle-environment system

IDGD'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Internationalization, design and global development
Evaluating the usability of a head-up display for selection from choice lists in cars

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Exploring the back of the steering wheel: text input with hands on the wheel and eyes on the road

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications

Quantified Score

Hi-index	0.00

Visualization

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of two different display modes head-up display (HUD) vs. head-down display (HDD) on the driving performance and psychological workload ratings of drivers operating commercial vehicles in Taiwan. Twelve commercial lorry drivers participated in a 2 (high/low driving load road) × 2 (head-up/head-down display) × 2 (different arrangements of display sequences used) mixed-factor driving simulation experiment. Participants were divided into two groups according to the level of driving load conditions within each driving load group; the participants were further divided into another 2 subgroups based on two arrangements of display sequences used. For each driving load condition, there were two 20-min driving simulation experiments, separated by a display sequence using head-up first and then head-down or vice versa. The subjects were asked to perform four tasks: "commercial goods delivery", "navigation", "speed detection and maintenance" and "response to an urgent event". Results indicated that for the first task, commercial goods delivery, the two display types showed no significant performance difference in terms of average accuracy rate. However, in terms of response time to an urgent event, it was faster with the HUD (with a low driving load-head-up vs. head-down: 1.0073 vs. 1.8684 s; with a high driving load--head-up vs. head-down: 1.3235 vs. 2.3274 s) and speed control was more consistent (having low speed variations) than with the HDD. In addition, using the HUD caused less mental stress for the drivers than the HDD and was easier for first-time users to become familiar with; with a high driving load, however, the difference between the two displays was not significant.