Guest Column: NP-complete problems and physical reality

  • Authors:
  • Scott Aaronson

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

  • Venue:
  • ACM SIGACT News
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Can NP-complete problems be solved efficiently in the physical universe? I survey proposals including soap bubbles, protein folding, quantum computing, quantum advice, quantum adiabatic algorithms, quantum-mechanical nonlinearities, hidden variables, relativistic time dilation, analog computing, Malament-Hogarth spacetimes, quantum gravity, closed timelike curves, and "anthropic computing." The section on soap bubbles even includes some "experimental" results. While I do not believe that any of the proposals will let us solve NP-complete problems efficiently, I argue that by studying them, we can learn something not only about computation but also about physics.