Real-time concurrent collection on stock multiprocessors
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Virtual memory primitives for user programs
ASPLOS IV Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
A comparative performance evaluation of write barrier implementation
OOPSLA '92 conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Cost-effective object space management for hardware-assisted real-time garbage collection
ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems (LOPLAS)
List processing in real time on a serial computer
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Shifting garbage collection overhead to compile time
Communications of the ACM
An efficient, incremental, automatic garbage collector
Communications of the ACM
Multiprocessing compactifying garbage collection
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Concurrent garbage collection using hardware-assisted profiling
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Memory management
A nonrecursive list compacting algorithm
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A LISP garbage-collector for virtual-memory computer systems
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Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I
Communications of the ACM
A method for overlapping and erasure of lists
Communications of the ACM
A parallel, real-time garbage collector
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2001 conference on Programming language design and implementation
In or out?: putting write barriers in their place
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Memory management
The Real-Time Specification for Java
The Real-Time Specification for Java
Dynamic Storage Allocation: A Survey and Critical Review
IWMM '95 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Memory Management
Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques
IWMM '92 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Memory Management
Garbage collection in a large LISP system
LFP '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming
Trading data space for reduced time and code space in real-time garbage collection on stock hardware
LFP '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming
The real-time behavior of dynamic memory management in C++
RTAS '95 Proceedings of the Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
GC Points in a Threaded Environment
GC Points in a Threaded Environment
Overview of the IBM Java just-in-time compiler
IBM Systems Journal
Mostly concurrent compaction for mark-sweep GC
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Memory management
Garbage-first garbage collection
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Memory management
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Memory management
Parallel garbage collection for shared memory multiprocessors
JVM'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Symposium on JavaTM Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium - Volume 1
Correctness-preserving derivation of concurrent garbage collection algorithms
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
An object-aware memory architecture
Science of Computer Programming - Special issue on five perspectives on modern memory management: Systems, hardware and theory
Libra: a library operating system for a jvm in a virtualized execution environment
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments
Design and implementation of a comprehensive real-time java virtual machine
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
Stopless: a real-time garbage collector for multiprocessors
Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Memory management
Concurrent GC leveraging transactional memory
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
A study of concurrent real-time garbage collectors
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
XMem: type-safe, transparent, shared memory for cross-runtime communication and coordination
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Tax-and-spend: democratic scheduling for real-time garbage collection
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Decoupled root scanning in multi-processor systems
CASES '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Dynamic prediction of collection yield for managed runtimes
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Flexible reference-counting-based hardware acceleration for garbage collection
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
The single-referent collector: Optimizing compaction for the common case
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Dynamic filtering: multi-purpose architecture support for language runtime systems
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
High-level programming of embedded hard real-time devices
Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Computer systems
Schism: fragmentation-tolerant real-time garbage collection
PLDI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Z-rays: divide arrays and conquer speed and flexibility
PLDI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Tracing garbage collection on highly parallel platforms
Proceedings of the 2010 international symposium on Memory management
Nonblocking real-time garbage collection
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Space overhead bounds for dynamic memory management with partial compaction
Proceedings of the 38th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Data-race exceptions have benefits beyond the memory model
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Memory Systems Performance and Correctness
C4: the continuously concurrent compacting collector
Proceedings of the international symposium on Memory management
Handles revisited: optimising performance and memory costs in a real-time collector
Proceedings of the international symposium on Memory management
Virtualizing real-time embedded systems with Java
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
Real-time wait-free queues using micro-transactions
Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems
Bounded-latency regional garbage collection
Proceedings of the 7th symposium on Dynamic languages
Reducing and eliding read barriers for concurrent garbage collectors
Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems
Fine-grained adaptive biased locking
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Efficient matrix-encoded grammars and low latency parallelization strategies for CYK
IWPT '11 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parsing Technologies
And then there were none: a stall-free real-time garbage collector for reconfigurable hardware
Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
Memory management for many-core processors with software configurable locality policies
Proceedings of the 2012 international symposium on Memory Management
Scalable concurrent and parallel mark
Proceedings of the 2012 international symposium on Memory Management
The Collie: a wait-free compacting collector
Proceedings of the 2012 international symposium on Memory Management
Space overhead bounds for dynamic memory management with partial compaction
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Dune: safe user-level access to privileged CPU features
OSDI'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Towards hinted collection: annotations for decreasing garbage collector pause times
Proceedings of the 2013 international symposium on memory management
Limitations of partial compaction: towards practical bounds
Proceedings of the 34th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
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Modern transactional response-time sensitive applications have run into practical limits on the size of garbage collected heaps. The heap can only grow until GC pauses exceed the response-time limits. Sustainable, scalable concurrent collection has become a feature worth paying for.Azul Systems has built a custom system (CPU, chip, board, and OS) specifically to run garbage collected virtual machines. The custom CPU includes a read barrier instruction. The read barrier enables a highly concurrent (no stop-the-world phases), parallel and compacting GC algorithm. The Pauseless algorithm is designed for uninterrupted application execution and consistent mutator throughput in every GC phase.Beyond the basic requirement of collecting faster than the allocation rate, the Pauseless collector is never in a "rush" to complete any GC phase. No phase places an undue burden on the mutators nor do phases race to complete before the mutators produce more work. Portions of the Pauseless algorithm also feature a "self-healing" behavior which limits mutator overhead and reduces mutator sensitivity to the current GC state.We present the Pauseless GC algorithm, the supporting hardware features that enable it, and data on the overhead, efficiency, and pause times when running a sustained workload.