Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Designing a Virtual Environment for Large Audiences
ICOIN '02 Revised Papers from the International Conference on Information Networking, Wireless Communications Technologies and Network Applications-Part II
Video Avatar: Embedded Video for Collaborative Virtual Environment
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
A multi-user framework supporting video-based avatars
NetGames '03 Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Network and system support for games
Using autonomous avatars to simulate a large-scale multi-user networked virtual environment
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
The MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable video coding method for multimediastreaming over IP
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Client-controlled qos management in networked virtual environments
ICN'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Networking - Volume Part I
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In this paper we present test results performed on our framework for networked virtual environment (NVE) applications that incorporates real-time video communication between avatars. The primary goal of the architecture is to provide efficient scalability for large scale networked virtual environments. To realize this, our solution maximizes client responsibilities and relies on direct client-to-client communication streams. By employing multiple multicast groups to channel the video streams, we achieve bandwidth adaptation at client side with minimal server intervention. This results in a reduced server-load and at the same time guarantees a highly scalable end-result, depending only on the available processing power of the individual connected clients.