Evaluating spoken language interaction
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Acoustical pre-processing for robust speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Evaluation of the CMU ATIS system
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The CMU air travel information service: understanding spontaneous speech
HLT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Acoustical pre-processing for robust speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Flexible use of semantic constraints in speech recognition
ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing - Volume II
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When speech understanding systems are used in real applications, they encounter incidental noise generated by the speaker and the environment. Such noises can cause serious problems for speech recognizers not designed to cope with them. We attempt to model these noises by training HMM "noise words" to match classes of noises. The noise words were incorporated into the Sphinx system and performance compared to the system without noise words. Initial results suggest that the technique does increase system performance significantly.