High level knowledge sources in usable speech recognition systems
Communications of the ACM
Understanding spontaneous speech
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the Sphinx Recognition System
Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the Sphinx Recognition System
Modelling non-verbal sounds for speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Automatic detection of new words in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Towards speech recognition without vocabulary-specific training
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Evaluation of the CMU ATIS system
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The use of commercial natural language interface in the ATIS task
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
A template matcher for robust NL interpretation
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Integrating syntax and semantics into spoken language understanding
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Beyond class A: a proposal for automatic evaluation of discourse
HLT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The design of a spoken language interface
HLT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Systematic design of spoken prompts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GLR parsing with multiple grammars for natural language queries
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)
Generating remote control interfaces for complex appliances
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Toward Systems that Understand Spoken Language
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
A Modular Approach to Spoken Language Translation for Large Domains
AMTA '98 Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas on Machine Translation and the Information Soup
Towards efficient human machine speech communication: The speech graffiti project
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP)
Speech understanding in open tasks
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
A relaxation method for understanding spontaneous speech utterances
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Recent advances in Janus: a speech translation system
HLT '93 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
Recent improvements in the CMU spoken language understanding system
HLT '94 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
Soup: a parser for real-world spontaneous speech
New developments in parsing technology
Practical use of non-local features for statistical spoken language understanding
Computer Speech and Language
Natural Language Understanding by Combining Statistical Methods and Extended Context-Free Grammars
Proceedings of the 30th DAGM symposium on Pattern Recognition
Enhancing commercial grammar-based applications using robust approaches to speech understanding
NAACL-HLT-Dialog '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Bridging the Gap: Academic and Industrial Research in Dialog Technologies
Robust parsing for spoken language systems
ICASSP'92 Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech and signal processing - Volume 1
Flexible use of semantic constraints in speech recognition
ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing - Volume II
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Understanding spontaneous speech presents several problems not found in processing read speech input. Spontaneous speech is often not fluent. It contains stutters, filled pauses, restarts, repeats, interjections, etc. Casual users do not know the lexicon and grammar used by the system. It is therefore very difficult for a speech understanding system to achieve good coverage of the lexicon and grammar that subjects might use.