Understanding spontaneous speech
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The CMU air travel information service: understanding spontaneous speech
HLT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Integrating top-down and bottom-up strategies in a text processing system
ANLC '88 Proceedings of the second conference on Applied natural language processing
Speech recognition in SRI's resource management and ATIS systems
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Machine Translation
The Application of Semantic Classification Trees to Natural Language Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Toward Systems that Understand Spoken Language
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Robust grammatical analysis for spoken dialogue systems
Natural Language Engineering
The Delphi natural language understanding system
ANLC '94 Proceedings of the fourth conference on Applied natural language processing
Robust processing of real-world natural-language texts
ANLC '92 Proceedings of the third conference on Applied natural language processing
Multi-site data collection for a spoken language corpus
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Subject-based evaluation measures for interactive spoken language systems
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
SRI international results February 1992 ATIS benchmark test
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
A relaxation method for understanding spontaneous speech utterances
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Fragment processing in the DELPHI system
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
A portable approach to last resort parsing and interpretation
HLT '93 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
The Semantic Linker: a new fragment combining method
HLT '93 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
Robust parsing and spoken negotiative dialogue with databases
Natural Language Engineering
A robust dialogue system with spontaneous speech understanding and cooperative response
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
Grammatical analysis in the OVIS spoken-dialogue system
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
Robust parsing for spoken language systems
ICASSP'92 Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech and signal processing - Volume 1
Learning speech semantics with keyword classification trees
ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing - Volume II
Partial parsing as a robust parsing strategy
ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing - Volume II
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In this paper, we describe the Template Matcher, a system built at SRI to provide robust natural-language interpretation in the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) domain. The system appears to be robust to both speech recognition errors and unanticipated or difficult locutions used by speakers. We explain the motivation for the Template Matcher, describe in general terms how it works in comparison with similar systems, and examine its performance. We discuss some limitations of this approach, and sketch a plan for integrating the Template Matcher with an analytic parser, which we believe will combine the advantages of both.