Situated facial displays: towards social interaction
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Computer facial animation
Nudge nudge wink wink: elements of face-to-face conversation for embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Developing and evaluating conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
INSIGHT, A Virtual Liboratory for Design, Test and Evaluation of Autonomous Agents
Proceedings of the 12th European Simulation Multiconference on Simulation - Past, Present and Future
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
Emotion and sociable humanoid robots
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
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This paper reports experiments demonstrating that the extent to which subjects ascribe emotions to VR faces is highly dependent on textures applied to the face. We demonstrate this for both a photo-realistic vs. non-photo-realistic texture pair and for a male vs. female texture pair. In both cases, experiments were conducted over the Internet on still frames taken from a well-controlled VR emotion modelling system. Given the enormous extent to which textures determine emotion recognition, we consider this a critical area for future research in affective virtual agents.