Distributed Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 2)
Talking through design: requirements and resistance in cooperative prototyping
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Apprenticing with the customer
Communications of the ACM
Ethnography and human-computer interaction
The social and interactional dimensions of human-computer interfaces
Specifying dynamic support for collaborative work within WORLDS
COCS '95 Proceedings of conference on Organizational computing systems
Physical spaces, virtual places and social worlds: a study of work in the virtual
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Structures and strategies of interdisciplinary science
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Design criteria for children's Web portals: the users speak out
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
A design analysis model for developing World Wide Web sites
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
An interpretive and situated approach to an evaluation of Perseus digital libraries
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
State digital library usability: contributing organizational factors
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
The user-subjective approach to personal information management systems
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Material mastery: how university researchers use digital libraries for scholarly communication
Material mastery: how university researchers use digital libraries for scholarly communication
Shaping technology across social worlds: groupware adoption in a distributed organization
GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
The effects of domain knowledge on search tactic formulation
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Properties-based retrieval and user decision states: user control and behavior modeling
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
The Evolution of Agency: Spectra of Bioagency and Cyberagency
The Information Society
Preaching what we practice: teaching ethical decision-making to computer security professionals
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial cryptograpy and data security
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Information technology designers and users are generally treated as interacting yet distinct groups. Although approaches such as participatory design attempt to bring these groups together, such efforts are viewed as temporary and restricted to a specific knowledge domain where users can share key information and insights with designers. The author explores case studies that point to a different situation, role hybridization. Role hybridization focuses on the ability of individuals to shift from one knowledge domain to another, thus allowing for simultaneous membership within two otherwise distinct social worlds. While some studies focus on the ability of designers to act as users, this study focuses on the opposite situation, users who become designers. Interview and participant observation data is used to explore hybrid user–designers in two case studies: frog dissection simulations used in K-12 biology education and human anatomy simulations used in medical education. Hybrid users as designers are one part of a larger design–use interface, illustrating the mutually constructive relationship between the activities of information technology design and use. Users as designers also challenge the traditional power relationship between designers and users, leading to a novel and exciting form of user-centered design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.