An efficient fair payment system
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Building consumer trust online
Communications of the ACM
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
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A New Infrastructure for User Tracking Prevention and Privacy Protection in Internet Shopping
InfraSec '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Infrastructure Security
A Platform for Privately Defined Currencies, Loyalty Credits, and Play Money
FC '98 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Financial Cryptography
E-service: a new paradigm for business in the electronic environment
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Privacy, economics, and price discrimination on the Internet
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Do privacy seals in e-commerce really work?
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Anonymous connections and onion routing
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Loyalty systems provide an interesting possibility for vendors in customer relationship management. This holds for both real world and online vendors. Many vendors apply loyalty systems to collect customer-specific data that may be exploited for many reasons, e.g., price discrimination and direct marketing. As a consequence, beside some potential benefits of a loyalty system, customers may also fear an invasion of privacy, and thus often refuse to participate in such programs. Thus, a vendor may have problems to turn privacy sensitive people into loyal customers using a typical loyalty system. In this paper, we present two variants of a privacy-friendly loyalty system to be used by online vendors for issuing loyalty points. The systems prevent vendors from exploiting data for the creation of customer profiles by providing unconditional unlinkability of loyalty points with regard to purchases. We propose a simple token-based approach and a counter-based approach which is much more efficient while preserving the privacy and security properties. Furthermore, the counter-based loyalty system prevents pooling of loyalty points which were issued to distinct customers.