End-to-end internet packet dynamics
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The effects of jitter on the peceptual quality of video
MULTIMEDIA '99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 2)
Analyzing factors that influence end-to-end Web performance
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
Equation-based congestion control for unicast applications
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
On the use and performance of content distribution networks
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Measurement study of low-bitrate internet video streaming
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
An empirical study of realvideo performance across the internet
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
mmdump: a tool for monitoring internet multimedia traffic
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Measurement and analysis of a streaming-media workload
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
User-perceived quality assessment of streaming media using reduced feature sets
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
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The increase in high-bandwidth connections and high-speed computers has spurred the growth of streaming media across the Internet. While there have been a number of studies measuring the performance of traditional Internet traffic, there have not been sufficient empirical measurements ofvideo performance especially for commercial videos across the Internet. The lack of empirical workthat measures streaming video traffic may arise from the lack of effective video performance measurement tools. In this paper, we present RealTracer, a set of tools for measuring the performance of RealNetworks Video. RealTracer includes RealTracker, a customized video playe that plays RealNetworks Video from pre-selected playlist and records user-centric video performance information. RealTracer also includes RealData, a data analysis tool that helps manage,parse and analyze data captured by RealTracker. We describe the software architecture and usage ofRealTracker and the usage of RealData, both publicly available for download. To illustrate the useof RealTracer, we present some results from a study that used RealTracker to measure RealVideo performance across the Internet. Using RealData, that study made several contributions to better understanding the performance of streaming video on the Internet. Typical RealVideos have high quality, achieving an average frame rate of 10 frames per second and very smooth playout, but very few videos achieve full-motion frame rates. Overall video performance is most influenced by the bandwidth of the end-user connection to the Internet, but high-bandwidth Internet connections are pushing the video performance bottleneck closer to the server.