The SimpleScalar tool set, version 2.0
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
ED4I: Error Detection by Diverse Data and Duplicated Instructions
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant embedded systems
Soft-Error Detection through Software Fault-Tolerance Techniques
DFT '99 Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems
Experimental evaluation of the fail-silent behaviour in programs with consistency checks
FTCS '96 Proceedings of the The Twenty-Sixth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS '96)
Transient-fault recovery for chip multiprocessors
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Detecting Soft Errors by a Purely Software Approach: Method, Tools and Experimental Results
DATE '03 Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe: Designers' Forum - Volume 2
Principles of Compiler Design (Addison-Wesley series in computer science and information processing)
Principles of Compiler Design (Addison-Wesley series in computer science and information processing)
Improving chip multiprocessor reliability through code replication
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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Ever scaling process technology makes embedded systems more vulnerable to soft errors than in the past. One of the generic methods used to fight soft errors is based on duplicating instructions either in the spatial or temporal domain and then comparing the results to see whether they are different. This full duplication based scheme, though effective, is very expensive in terms of performance, power, and memory space. In this paper, we propose an alternate scheme based on loop invariants and present experimental results which show that our approach catches 62% of the errors caught by full duplication, when averaged over all benchmarks tested. In addition, it reduces the execution cycles and memory demand of the full duplication strategy by 80% and 4%, respectively.