The variational approach to shape from shading
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
Neural Networks
Shape from shading
Universal approximation using radial-basis-function networks
Neural Computation
Surface Reflection: Physical and Geometrical Perspectives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Estimation of Illuminant Direction, Albedo, and Shape from Shading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape from shading with a generalized reflectance map model
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Shape recovery from shading by a new neural-based reflectance model
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Shape From Shading by Using Neural Based Colour Reflectance Model
Neural Processing Letters
A neural network for recovering 3D shape from erroneous and few depth maps of shaded images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Multiple-view shape extraction from shading as local regression by analytic NN scheme
Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
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It is known that most real surfaces usually are neither perfectly Lambertian model nor ideally specular model; rather, they are formed by the hybrid structure of these two models. This hybrid reflectance model still suffers from the noise, strong specular, and unknown reflectivity conditions. In this article, these limitations are addressed, and a new neural-based hybrid reflectance model is proposed. The goal of this method is to optimize a proper reflectance model by learning the weight and parameters of the hybrid structure of feedforward neural networks and radial basis function networks and to recover the 3D object shape by the shape from shading technique with this resulting model. Experimental results, including synthetic and real images, were performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed reflectance model in the case of different specular effects and noise environments.