Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Calculation of reference frames along a space curve
Graphics gems
Selective perception for robot driving
Selective perception for robot driving
HCSM: a framework for behavior and scenario control in virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS) - Special issue on graphics, animation, and visualization for simulation environments
Virtual reality for driving simulation
Communications of the ACM
Go with the flow: synthetic vision for autonomous animated creatures
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control
Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control
VUEMS: A Virtual Urban Environment Modeling System
CGI '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Graphics International
Ribbon Networks for Modeling Navigable Paths of Autonomous Agents in Virtual Urban Environments
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
Behavior and scenario modeling for real-time virtual environments
Behavior and scenario modeling for real-time virtual environments
Generation and management of ambient traffic in real-time driving simulation
Generation and management of ambient traffic in real-time driving simulation
Controlling steering behavior for small groups of pedestrians in virtual urban environments
Controlling steering behavior for small groups of pedestrians in virtual urban environments
Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Vehicles in Virtual Environments
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Minimum distance queries for haptic rendering
Minimum distance queries for haptic rendering
Simulating Virtual Humans in Networked Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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This paper presents the Environment Description Framework (EDF) for modeling complex networks of intersecting roads and pathways in virtual environments. EDF represents information about the layout of streets and sidewalks, the rules that govern behavior on roads and walkways, and the locations of agents with respect to navigable structures. The framework serves as the substrate on which behavior programs for autonomous vehicles and pedestrians are built. Pathways are modeled as ribbons in space. The ribbon structure provides a natural coordinate frame for defining the local geometry of navigable surfaces. EDF includes a powerful runtime interface supported by robust and efficient code for locating objects on the ribbon network, for mapping between Cartesian and ribbon coordinates, and for determining behavioral constraints imposed by the environment.