Viewing morphology as an inference process
SIGIR '93 Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Variations in relevance assessments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue: evaluation of information retrieval systems
Stemming algorithms: a case study for detailed evaluation
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue: evaluation of information retrieval systems
Users' criteria for relevance evaluation: a cross-situational comparison
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Efficient construction of large test collections
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
How reliable are the results of large-scale information retrieval experiments?
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluating evaluation measure stability
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Question-answering by predictive annotation
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Building a question answering test collection
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Variations in relevance judgments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Regions and levels: measuring and mapping users' relevance judgments
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Evaluation by highly relevant documents
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The effect of topic set size on retrieval experiment error
SIGIR '02 Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Liberal relevance criteria of TREC -: counting on negligible documents?
SIGIR '02 Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Corpora for topic detection and tracking
Topic detection and tracking
Quantitative evaluation of passage retrieval algorithms for question answering
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Natural language question answering: the view from here
Natural Language Engineering
Analyses for elucidating current question answering technology
Natural Language Engineering
The TREC question answering track
Natural Language Engineering
Experiments with open-domain textual Question Answering
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Retrieval evaluation with incomplete information
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Toward semantics-based answer pinpointing
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
COLING '02 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Performance issues and error analysis in an open-domain Question Answering system
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A noisy-channel approach to question answering
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
Evaluation of resources for question answering evaluation
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Structured retrieval for question answering
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Document retrieval in the context of question answering
ECIR'03 Proceedings of the 25th European conference on IR research
Evaluation of resources for question answering evaluation
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
An Embodied Conversational Agent for Intelligent Web Interaction on Pandemic Crisis Communication
WI-IATW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology
An exploration of the principles underlying redundancy-based factoid question answering
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Deconstructing nuggets: the stability and reliability of complex question answering evaluation
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Structured retrieval for question answering
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Information distance from a question to an answer
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Query based intelligent web interaction with real world knowledge
New Generation Computing
Novelty and diversity in information retrieval evaluation
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
New information distance measure and its application in question answering system
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
CINDI: a digital library for academics
C3S2E '09 Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering
Improving text retrieval precision and answer accuracy in question answering systems
IRQA '08 Coling 2008: Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Information Retrieval for Question Answering
A data driven approach to query expansion in question answering
IRQA '08 Coling 2008: Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Information Retrieval for Question Answering
Answer validation by information distance calculation
IRQA '08 Coling 2008: Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Information Retrieval for Question Answering
A semantic approach for question classification using WordNet and Wikipedia
Pattern Recognition Letters
Question answering experiments for finnish and french
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
An evaluation of classification models for question topic categorization
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Answer sentence retrieval by matching dependency paths acquired from question/answer sentence pairs
EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
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In contrast to traditional information retrieval systems, which return ranked lists of documents that users must manually browse through, a question answering system attempts to directly answer natural language questions posed by the user. Although such systems possess language-processing capabilities, they still rely on traditional document retrieval techniques to generate an initial candidate set of documents. In this article, the authors argue that document retrieval for question answering represents a task different from retrieving documents in response to more general retrospective information needs. Thus, to guide future system development, specialized question answering test collections must be constructed. They show that the current evaluation resources have major shortcomings; to remedy the situation, they have manually created a small, reusable question answering test collection for research purposes. In this article they describe their methodology for building this test collection and discuss issues they encountered regarding the notion of “answer correctness.” © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.