A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
On-line extraction of SCSI disk drive parameters
Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Informed prefetching and caching
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
DCD—disk caching disk: a new approach for boosting I/O performance
ISCA '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Power optimization in disk-based real-time application specific systems
Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Timing-Accurate Storage Emulation
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Combining Models of Physical Effects for Describing Complex Electromechanical Devices
BMAS '00 Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international workshop on Behavioral modeling and simulation
Temperature-aware microarchitecture
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
DRPM: dynamic speed control for power management in server class disks
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Technological impact of magnetic hard disk drives on storage systems
IBM Systems Journal
Modeling Hard-Disk Power Consumption
FAST '03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
More Than an Interface---SCSI vs. ATA
FAST '03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Improving disk reuse for reducing power consumption
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
What is the future of disk drives, death or rebirth?
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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The importance of pushing the performance envelope of disk drives continues to grow in the enterprise storage market. One of the most fundamental factors impacting disk drive design is heat dissipation, since it directly affects drive reliability. Until now, drive manufacturers have continued to meet the 40% annual growth target of the internal data-rates (IDR) by increasing RPMs and shrinking platter sizes, both of which have counteracting effects on the heat dissipation within a drive. In this article, we shall show that we are getting to a point where it is going to be very difficult to stay on this roadmap. We first present detailed models that capture the close relationships between capacity, performance, and thermal characteristics over time. Using these models, we quantify the drop-off in IDR growth rates over the next decade if we are to adhere to the thermal design envelope. We motivate the need for continued improvements in IDR by showing that the response times of real workloads can be improved by 30--60% with a 10K increase in the RPM for disks used in their respective storage systems. We then present two dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques that can be used to buy back some of this IDR loss. The first DTM technique exploits the thermal slack between what the drive was intended to support and the currently lower operating temperature to ramp up the RPM. The second DTM technique assumes that the drive is only designed for average case operation and dynamically throttles its activities to remain within the thermal envelope.