A silicon model of auditory localization
Neural Computation
A neuromorphic monaural sound localizer
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
A Neuromorphic Sound Localizer for a Smart MEMS System
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
VLSI implementation of an energy-aware wake-up detector for an acoustic surveillance sensor network
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
A low-power integrated circuit for interaural time delay estimation without delay lines
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
Far-field acoustic source localization and bearing estimation using ΣΔ learners
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
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We present a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) for bearing estimation in the low-audio range that performs a correlation derivative approach in a 0.35-µm technology. The IC calculates the bearing angle of a sound source with a mean variance of one degree in a 360° range using four microphones: one pair is used to produce the indication and the other to define the quadrant. An adaptive algorithm decides which pair to use depending on the direction of the incoming signal, in such a way to obtain the best estimate. The IC contains two blocks with 104 stages each. Every stage has a delay unit, a block to reduce the clock speed, and a 10-bit UP/DN counter. The IC measures 2 mm by 2.4 mm, and dissipates 600µW at 3.3 V and 200 kHz. It is purely digital and uses a one-bit quantization of the input signals.