Personal guidance system for the visually impaired
Assets '94 Proceedings of the first annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
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ISWC '01 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
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ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
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Universal Access in the Information Society
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences
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COSIT'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Spatial information theory
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Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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SIGSPATIAL Special
Algorithm for blind navigation along a GPS track
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: towards mobile and intelligent interaction environments - Volume Part III
(Computer) vision without sight
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learning for users who are visually impaired
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
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We report on two route guidance tasks using a highly accurate GPS receiver. Eight participants who were visually impaired or blind traveled two routes, one on a city sidewalk, and one in a city park. We tested and compared two types of spatial output devices that give route guidance information. One output display used a hand-held pointer, using a standard Talking Signs receiver that integrated the GPS signal information with the Talking Signs® signal information. This device gave travel instructions and on-course confirmation when pointed in the proper direction. The other spatial display used auditory virtual reality that presented the audible spatial information (waypoint direction and distance) through small air-tubes inserted into the ear. Travel times, distance, and errors were recorded. In addition, we tested users' ability to find precise locations, such as the intersections of small paths and a bus stop pole. Various subjective ratings were collected about blind participants' needs and perception of the various display and output options that they used. All subjects completed the tasks with both output displays, found all the waypoints and locations, and rated the two displays highly. The virtual sound display produced superior times overall and received slightly higher favorable ratings.