WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Pivoted document length normalization
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
Integrating keyword search into XML query processing
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
Information Retrieval: Algorithms and Heuristics
Information Retrieval: Algorithms and Heuristics
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
VLDB '98 Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
XRANK: ranked keyword search over XML documents
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Keyword Searching and Browsing in Databases using BANKS
ICDE '02 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Data Engineering
On the integration of structure indexes and inverted lists
SIGMOD '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An effective approach to document retrieval via utilizing WordNet and recognizing phrases
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
ICDE '05 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering
Discover: keyword search in relational databases
VLDB '02 Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Very Large Data Bases
XSEarch: a semantic search engine for XML
VLDB '03 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29
Spark: top-k keyword query in relational databases
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Effective keyword-based selection of relational databases
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
BLINKS: ranked keyword searches on graphs
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Identifying meaningful return information for XML keyword search
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Keyword search on relational data streams
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Towards keyword-driven analytical processing
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Leveraging semantic technologies for enterprise search
Proceedings of the ACM first Ph.D. workshop in CIKM
Effective keyword search for valuable lcas over xml documents
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Efficiently enumerating results of keyword search over data graphs
Information Systems
SQAK: doing more with keywords
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A graph method for keyword-based selection of the top-K databases
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Keyword proximity search in complex data graphs
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Augmenting Data Retrieval with Information Retrieval Techniques by Using Word Similarity
NLDB '08 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Natural Language and Information Systems: Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Keyword search on external memory data graphs
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Information retrieval from digital libraries in SQL
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Web information and data management
ER '08 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
The Research on the Algorithms of Keyword Search in Relational Database
Advanced Web and NetworkTechnologies, and Applications
Towards an integrated framework for querying collection of heterogeneous data
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Answering aggregate keyword queries on relational databases using minimal group-bys
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Extending Database Technology: Advances in Database Technology
Finding frequent co-occurring terms in relational keyword search
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Extending Database Technology: Advances in Database Technology
Query segmentation using conditional random fields
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
Do we mean the same?: disambiguation of extracted keyword queries for database search
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
Combining keyword search and forms for ad hoc querying of databases
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Keyword search in databases: the power of RDBMS
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Efficient type-ahead search on relational data: a TASTIER approach
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Keyword search on structured and semi-structured data
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Keyword search over relational tables and streams
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
SAIL: Structure-aware indexing for effective and progressive top-k keyword search over XML documents
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Efficient keyword proximity search using a frontier-reduce strategy based on d-distance graph index
IDEAS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium
From keywords to semantic queries-Incremental query construction on the semantic web
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Cluster-Based Exploration for Effective Keyword Search over Semantic Datasets
ER '09 Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
Supporting data exploration in databases
ISI'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Intelligence and security informatics
Fast ELCA computation for keyword queries on XML data
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Extending Database Technology
PerK: personalized keyword search in relational databases through preferences
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Extending Database Technology
Text-to-query: dynamically building structured analytics to illustrate textual content
Proceedings of the 2010 EDBT/ICDT Workshops
Study on efficiency and effectiveness of KSORD
APWeb/WAIM'07 Proceedings of the joint 9th Asia-Pacific web and 8th international conference on web-age information management conference on Advances in data and web management
Efficient keyword search over data-centric XML documents
APWeb/WAIM'07 Proceedings of the joint 9th Asia-Pacific web and 8th international conference on web-age information management conference on Advances in data and web management
Graph-based concept identification and disambiguation for enterprise search
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
Semplore: an IR approach to scalable hybrid query of semantic web data
ISWC'07/ASWC'07 Proceedings of the 6th international The semantic web and 2nd Asian conference on Asian semantic web conference
A novel XML keyword query approach using entity subtree
Journal of Systems and Software
Structured annotations of web queries
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Structural consistency: enabling XML keyword search to eliminate spurious results consistently
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Querying Wikipedia documents and relationships
Procceedings of the 13th International Workshop on the Web and Databases
WikiAnalytics: disambiguation of keyword search results on highly heterogeneous structured data
Procceedings of the 13th International Workshop on the Web and Databases
Structured data retrieval using cover density ranking
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
Keyword search across databases and documents
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
Online annotation of text streams with structured entities
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
A framework for evaluating database keyword search strategies
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Accessing semi-structured databases: a survey
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Intelligent Semantic Web-Services and Applications
Efficient continuous top-k keyword search in relational databases
WAIM'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Web-age information management
An effective 3-in-1 keyword search method over heterogeneous data sources
Information Systems
Semantic-distance based evaluation of ranking queries over relational databases
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Ten thousand SQLs: parallel keyword queries computing
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Toward scalable keyword search over relational data
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
A novel keyword search paradigm in relational databases: Object summaries
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Using structural information in XML keyword search effectively
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Scalable keyword search on large data streams
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Providing built-in keyword search capabilities in RDBMS
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Summary models for routing keywords to linked data sources
ISWC'10 Proceedings of the 9th international semantic web conference on The semantic web - Volume Part I
Context-sensitive document ranking
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Hidden credential retrieval without random oracles
WISA'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information security applications
Result reconstruction approach for more effective XML fragment search
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
Keyword search over relational databases: a metadata approach
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
A path-oriented RDF index for keyword search query processing
DEXA'11 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Database and expert systems applications - Volume Part II
Keyword query cleaning with query logs
WAIM'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Web-age information management
Relaxed global term weights for XML element search
INEX'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Initiative for the evaluation of XML retrieval: comparative evaluation of focused retrieval
Keyword-Driven SPARQL Query Generation Leveraging Background Knowledge
WI-IAT '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
DC proposal: automatically transforming keyword queries to SPARQL on large-scale knowledge bases
ISWC'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on The semantic web - Volume Part II
Index structures and top-k join algorithms for native keyword search databases
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Ranking support for keyword search on structured data using relevance models
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Learning to rank results in relational keyword search
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
An approach towards automatic workflow composition through information retrieval
Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on International Database Engineering & Applications
Size-l object summaries for relational keyword search
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Language models for keyword search over data graphs
Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Searching web data: An entity retrieval and high-performance indexing model
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Combining query translation with query answering for efficient keyword search
ESWC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications - Volume Part II
ESWC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications - Volume Part II
Kikori-KS: an effective and efficient keyword search system for digital libraries in XML
ICADL'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Asian Digital Libraries: achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
Interactive predicate suggestion for keyword search on RDF graphs
ADMA'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications - Volume Part II
FreeQ: an interactive query interface for freebase
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
iSearch: an interpretation based framework for keyword search in relational databases
KEYS '12 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
STRUCT: incorporating contextual information for English query search on relational databases
KEYS '12 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
KESOSD: keyword search over structured data
KEYS '12 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
SODA: generating SQL for business users
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Towards a novel desktop search technique
DEXA'07 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Fast and incremental indexing in effective and efficient XML element retrieval systems
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
Keyword search on form results
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
XKFitler: A Keyword Filter on XML Stream
International Journal of Information Retrieval Research
Scalable top-k spatial keyword search
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Extending Database Technology
Database Keyword Search: A Perspective from Optimization
WI-IAT '12 Proceedings of the The 2012 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 03
Graph-based reference table construction to facilitate entity matching
Journal of Systems and Software
Efficient query construction for large scale data
Proceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
ROU: advanced keyword search on graph
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
Efficient parsing-based search over structured data
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
Answering Top-k Keyword Queries on Relational Databases
International Journal of Information Retrieval Research
k-nearest keyword search in RDF graphs
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Effective ranking and search techniques for Web resources considering semantic relationships
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Probabilistic query rewriting for efficient and effective keyword search on graph data
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Supporting keyword search in product database: a probabilistic approach
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Streaming similarity search over one billion tweets using parallel locality-sensitive hashing
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Generating SPARQL queries using templates
Web Intelligence and Agent Systems
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With the amount of available text data in relational databases growing rapidly, the need for ordinary users to search such information is dramatically increasing. Even though the major RDBMSs have provided full-text search capabilities, they still require users to have knowledge of the database schemas and use a structured query language to search information. This search model is complicated for most ordinary users. Inspired by the big success of information retrieval (IR) style keyword search on the web, keyword search in relational databases has recently emerged as a new research topic. The differences between text databases and relational databases result in three new challenges: (1) Answers needed by users are not limited to individual tuples, but results assembled from joining tuples from multiple tables are used to form answers in the form of tuple trees. (2) A single score for each answer (i.e. a tuple tree) is needed to estimate its relevance to a given query. These scores are used to rank the most relevant answers as high as possible. (3) Relational databases have much richer structures than text databases. Existing IR strategies to rank relational outputs are not adequate. In this paper, we propose a novel IR ranking strategy for effective keyword search. We are the first that conducts comprehensive experiments on search effectiveness using a real world database and a set of keyword queries collected by a major search company. Experimental results show that our strategy is significantly better than existing strategies. Our approach can be used both at the application level and be incorporated into a RDBMS to support keyword-based search in relational databases.