ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Soft scissors: an interactive tool for realtime high quality matting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Image matting using linear optimization
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
Video cut and paste for 3D composition
COMPUTE '08 Proceedings of the 1st Bangalore Annual Compute Conference
Light mixture estimation for spatially varying white balance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Image and video matting: a survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Estimation of Ground-Glass Opacity Measurement in CT Lung Images
MICCAI '08 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Part II
Geodesic Matting: A Framework for Fast Interactive Image and Video Segmentation and Matting
International Journal of Computer Vision
Graph-based transductive learning for robust visual tracking
Pattern Recognition
Image matting based on local color discrimination by SVM
Pattern Recognition Letters
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
An automatic evaluation method of image mattes
VIIP '07 The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing
On the Apparent Transparency of a Motion Blurred Object
International Journal of Computer Vision
Fast image segmentation based on multilevel banded closed-form method
Pattern Recognition Letters
3D photodynamic tool using a single 2D image with 3D velocity primitives and physical effects
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Personal photo enhancement using example images
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Image and video matting with membership propagation
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Non-parametric natural image matting
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Motion regularization for matting motion blurred objects
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Talks
User-friendly interactive image segmentation through unified combinatorial user inputs
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Maximum normalized spacing for efficient visual clustering
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Wide-baseline multi-view video segmentation for 3D reconstruction
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on 3D video processing
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
A content-adaptive method for single image dehazing
PCM'10 Proceedings of the Advances in multimedia information processing, and 11th Pacific Rim conference on Multimedia: Part II
Detecting and extracting natural snow from videos
Information Processing Letters
Bottom-up segmentation for ghost-free reconstruction of a dynamic scene from multi-exposure images
Proceedings of the Seventh Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Transmission: a new feature for computer vision based smoke detection
AICI'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence: Part I
Narrative generation by repurposing digital videos
MMM'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling - Volume Part I
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Underwater image enhancement: using wavelength compensation and image dehazing (WCID)
ACIVS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Obstacles detection in dust environment with a single image
AICI'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence - Volume Part III
Snap & play: auto-generate personalized find-the-difference mobile game
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Seamless image composition with coherent tone adjustment
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
Object-Based image recoloring using alpha matte and color histogram specification
VSMM'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Technologies and Sociotechnical Systems
A biologically-inspired automatic matting method based on visual attention
ISNN'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Natural image composition with inhomogeneous boundaries
PSIVT'11 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology - Volume Part II
Practical temporal consistency for image-based graphics applications
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Data-Driven Object Manipulation in Images
Computer Graphics Forum
Data-based modeling and monitoring for multimode processes using local tangent space alignment
ISNN'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
User-guided white balance for mixed lighting conditions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
EGSR'08 Proceedings of the Nineteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Matte based generation of land cover maps
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Bi-affinity filter: a bilateral type filter for color images
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Trends and Topics in Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Real-time traffic sign detection with vehicle camera images
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Adaptive background defogging with foreground decremental preconditioned conjugate gradient
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Depth recovery from a single defocused image based on depth locally consistency
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Data-driven hallucination of different times of day from a single outdoor photo
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Improved image segmentation using motion
Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Visual Media Production
Special Section on CAD/Graphics 2013: Confidence-driven image co-matting
Computers and Graphics
Special Section on CAD/Graphics 2013: Image compositing using dominant patch transformations
Computers and Graphics
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Interactive digital matting, the process of extracting a foreground object from an image based on limited user input, is an important task in image and video editing. From a computer vision perspective, this task is extremely challenging because it is massively ill-posed - at each pixel we must estimate the foreground and the background colors, as well as the foreground opacity ("alpha matte") from a single color measurement. Current approaches either restrict the estimation to a small part of the image, estimating foreground and background colors based on nearby pixels where they are known, or perform iterative nonlinear estimation by alternating foreground and background color estimation with alpha estimation. In this paper we present a closed form solution to natural image matting. We derive a cost function from local smoothness assumptions on foreground and background colors, and show that in the resulting expression it is possible to analytically eliminate the foreground and background colors to obtain a quadratic cost function in alpha. This allows us to find the globally optimal alpha matte by solving a sparse linear system of equations. Furthermore, the closed form formula allows us to predict the properties of the solution by analyzing the eigenvectors of a sparse matrix, closely related to matrices used in spectral image segmentation algorithms. We show that high quality mattes can be obtained on natural images from a surprisingly small amount of user input.