Direct methods for sparse matrices
Direct methods for sparse matrices
Fast Surface Interpolation Using Hierarchical Basis Functions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Watersheds in Digital Spaces: An Efficient Algorithm Based on Immersion Simulations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Graphical Models and Image Processing
The robust estimation of multiple motions: parametric and piecewise-smooth flow fields
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Creating full view panoramic image mosaics and environment maps
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A multigrid tutorial: second edition
A multigrid tutorial: second edition
Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape Matching and Object Recognition Using Shape Contexts
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems
Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems
Overview of Iterative Linear System Solver Packages
Overview of Iterative Linear System Solver Packages
Improved Fast Gauss Transform and Efficient Kernel Density Estimation
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Pop-up light field: An interactive image-based modeling and rendering system
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Interactive digital photomontage
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
"GrabCut": interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Keyframe-based tracking for rotoscoping and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Digital photography with flash and no-flash image pairs
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Flash photography enhancement via intrinsic relighting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Non-photorealistic camera: depth edge detection and stylized rendering using multi-flash imaging
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations (Classics in Applied Mathematics, 16)
An Iterative Optimization Approach for Unified Image Segmentation and Matting
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Natural video matting using camera arrays
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Locally adapted hierarchical basis preconditioning
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Graph Cuts and Efficient N-D Image Segmentation
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Closed Form Solution to Natural Image Matting
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Soft scissors: an interactive tool for realtime high quality matting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
On the optimality of solutions of the max-product belief-propagation algorithm in arbitrary graphs
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Perceptually-weighted evaluation criteria for segmentation masks in video sequences
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geodesic Matting: A Framework for Fast Interactive Image and Video Segmentation and Matting
International Journal of Computer Vision
Video SnapCut: robust video object cutout using localized classifiers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
A closed-form solution to video matting of natural snow
Information Processing Letters
MixIn3D: 3D Mixed Reality with ToF-Camera
Dyn3D '09 Proceedings of the DAGM 2009 Workshop on Dynamic 3D Imaging
Editorial: Interactive imaging and vision-Ideas, algorithms and applications
Pattern Recognition
Temporally coherent video matting
Graphical Models
Real-time video matting using multichannel poisson equations
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Image matting from a physical perspective
Asilomar'09 Proceedings of the 43rd Asilomar conference on Signals, systems and computers
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Multi-layer stereo video matting: video matting
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Closed-loop adaptation for robust tracking
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
Dynamic color flow: a motion-adaptive color model for object segmentation in video
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part V
Digital image forensics: a booklet for beginners
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Automatic and accurate image matting
ICCCI'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computational collective intelligence: technologies and applications - Volume Part III
A convex image segmentation: extending graph cuts and closed-form matting
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part III
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Improved video segmentation by adaptive combination of depth keying and mixture-of-gaussians
SCIA'11 Proceedings of the 17th Scandinavian conference on Image analysis
Towards temporally-coherent video matting
MIRAGE'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
MIRAGE'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Image matting with transductive inference
MIRAGE'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Purposive hidden-object-game: embedding human computation in popular game
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Purposive hidden-object game (P-HOG) towards imperceptible human computation
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
IFTrace: Video segmentation of deformable objects using the Image Foresting Transform
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic Real-Time Video Matting Using Time-of-Flight Camera and Multichannel Poisson Equations
International Journal of Computer Vision
Realistic 2d facial animation from one image
ICEC'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Two algorithms for motion estimation from alternate exposure images
Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Video Processing and Computational Video
Understanding and improving the realism of image composites
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Unsupervised and reliable image matting based on modified spectral matting
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Matting and Compositing for Fresnel Reflection on Wavy Surfaces
Computer Graphics Forum
Alpha matting using artificial immune network
ICSI'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part I
Extracting fluid from a video for efficient post-production
Proceedings of the Digital Production Symposium
State of the Art Report on Video-Based Graphics and Video Visualization
Computer Graphics Forum
Image matting through a Web browser
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Video matting using multi-frame nonlocal matting laplacian
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part VI
Automatic spectral video matting
Pattern Recognition
Image matting for fusion of multi-focus images in dynamic scenes
Information Fusion
Automatic selection of regions of interest in a video by a depth-color image matting
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Video and Image Ground Truth in Computer Vision Applications
Using texture to complement color in image matting
Image and Vision Computing
Integrating tracking with fine object segmentation
Image and Vision Computing
Special Section on CAD/Graphics 2013: Confidence-driven image co-matting
Computers and Graphics
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Matting refers to the problem of accurate foreground estimation in images and video. It is one of the key techniques in many image editing and film production applications, thus has been extensively studied in the literature. With the recent advances of digital cameras, using matting techniques to create novel composites or facilitate other editing tasks has gained increasing interest from both professionals as well as consumers. Consequently, various matting techniques and systems have been proposed to try to efficiently extract high quality mattes from both still images and video sequences. This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing image and video matting algorithms and systems, with an emphasis on the advanced techniques that have been recently proposed. The first part of the survey is focused on image matting. The fundamental techniques shared by many image matting algorithms, such as color sampling methods and matting affinities, are first analyzed. Image matting techniques are then classified into three categories based on their underlying methodologies, and an objective evaluation is conducted to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of each category. A unique Accuracy vs. Cost analysis is presented as a practical guidance for readers to properly choose matting tools that best fit their specific requirements and constraints. The second part of the survey is focused on video matting. The difficulties and challenges of video matting are first analyzed, and various ways of combining matting algorithms with other video processing techniques for building efficient video matting systems are reviewed. Key contributions, advantages as well as limitations of important systems are summarized. Finally, special matting systems that rely on capturing additional foreground/background information to automate the matting process are discussed. A few interesting directions for future matting research are presented in the conclusion.