Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Metalearning and neuromodulation
Neural Networks - Computational models of neuromodulation
Neuromodulation, theta rhythm and rat spatial navigation
Neural Networks - Computational models of neuromodulation
Multiple model-based reinforcement learning
Neural Computation
Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences
Machine Learning
Neural Networks - 2003 Special issue: Advances in neural networks research IJCNN'03
SAB '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats
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Proceedings of the international conference on Spatial Cognition VI: Learning, Reasoning, and Talking about Space
A model of computation and representation in the brain
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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Many behavioral tasks require goal-directed actions to obtain delayed reward. The prefrontal cortex appears to mediate many aspects of goal-directed decision making. This article presents a model of prefrontal cortex function emphasizing the influence of goal-related activity on the choice of the next motor output. The model can be interpreted in terms of key elements of Reinforcement Learning Theory. Different neocortical minicolumns represent distinct sensory input states and distinct motor output actions. The dynamics of each minicolumn include separate phases of encoding and retrieval. During encoding, strengthening of excitatory connections forms forward and reverse associations between each state, the following action, and a subsequent state, which may include reward. During retrieval, activity spreads from reward states throughout the network. The interaction of this spreading activity with a specific input state directs selection of the next appropriate action. Simulations demonstrate how these mechanisms can guide performance in a range of goal-directed tasks, and provide a functional framework for some of the neuronal responses previously observed in the medial prefrontal cortex during performance of spatial memory tasks in rats.